DKA
What are the requirements (recommendations) for DM clients when it comes to a snack?
what is a carb and a protein
examples?
Foot Care
what is using an emollient, seeing a podiatrist for all foot care, routinely
what do you teach your client about feet/skin?
Clean and check the feet daily, properly fitting shoes, let your MD know of any non-healing cuts/wounds check the temperature of bath water
When should a client check their sugar?
what is ALL THE TIME
Before eating, when sick, after meals (2 hrs), s/s of hypoglycemia suspected, before, after and during exercise
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperglcemia
What is increased thirst, hunger, and urination.
DKA ??
Purpose/Action of an Insulin Pump
what is Gives a small continuous dose of insulin subcutaneously, patient can also self-administer additional dosage from the pump before each meal.
What insulin is used?
What is the pump is malfunctioning, what should you do?
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA ?
what is increased thirst, dry, poor skin turgor, increased hunger, and increased urination, +key tones in UA decrease LOC leading up to Coma
whats happening in DKA?
Neuro care
what is managing sugar.
What are the symptoms os neuropathy issues?
Client teaching?
If you client presented with signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, how do you treat? Your client is conscious
what is orange juice, graham crackers,
Can DM clients have alcohol? What do you need to teach them?
What should you teach your client about BG monitoring when sick (cold/flu)
what is increase frequency in which finger sticks are being done to monitor for hyper/hypoglycemia
If your client presents with any s/s of instability, what assessment should you always preform?
what is Obtain a fingerstick blood glucose test
Then what would be your next step
Typical treatment for DKA clients
what is IVF and Insulin
What are the nursing assessments associated with the treatments
What type of insulin is given?
Side effects of treatments and nursing assessments
Retinopathy
what is seeing an eye doc minimally every year or more frequent
use assistive devices for small print or hard to read items. managing sugar
Why is this a HUGE concern in self management of DM
Why are clients encouraged to have a bedtime snack?
what is tp prevent hypoglycemia during the night, why is this is a concern?
Kussamal's is
what is rapid deep hyperventilating respiratory with a fruity smell
Type II vs Type I Treatments
what is typer 1 insulin and type 2 oral meds
WHy?
what is the treatment for HHS?
what is IVF and insulin
Nursing assessments centered around treatment options
Risk of developing HHS?
What places DM clients at an Increased risk of Infections
what is organisms love sugar, especially bacteria.
what is a major risk of UTI?
Your clients is unresponsive with a BG of 26, how do you treat
what is with Dextrose 50% IV push, glucagon IV/IM, repeat in 10-15 mins, call for help !
If a client is hyperglycemic and has keytones in their urine, should the client continue their exercise routine, even if they feel good.
what is no, it will increase the release of keytones.
When safe to exercise what should you teach client ?
Why would a nurse be concerned about a DM clients temperature?
what is risk of infection
What are the differences between HHS and DKA
what is level of BG, Keytones (+/-), rapid onset versus slow onset, type I vs II,
HGBA1C normal levels
what os 6%-8% what does this mean and how does this help in the management of DM
Treatment for Hypoglycemia
What are assess for s/s of hypoglycemia (which are?)
Treat w/ with 4 - 8 g of carbs (eating a snack if next next meal is greater than 1 hr)
Assess for LOC changes, go to the ED
Hyperglycemia can easily result from what ?
what is stress and illness
What do you teach the client with DM management during illness or stress?
Insulin administration effects what major electrolyte
what is potassium
how?
Where can insulin be administered, any contraindications?