DKA
What are the requirements (recommendations) for DM clients when it comes to a snack and examples?
what is a carb and a protein
Cheese stick and diet cola, PB crackers and Milk, graham crackers and OJ
Patient Teaching surrounding Foot Care and what do you teach your client about feet/skin?
what is using an emollient, seeing a podiatrist for all foot care, routinely
Clean and check the feet daily, properly fitting shoes, let your MD know of any non-healing cuts/wounds check the temperature of bath water
When should a client check their sugar?
what is ALL THE TIME
Before eating, when sick, after meals (2 hrs), s/s of hypoglycemia suspected, before, after and during exercise
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperglcemia vs DKA?
What is increased thirst, hunger, and urination.
Metabolic acidosis kussmal's tachypnea dehydration keystones in the urine
Purpose/Action of an Insulin Pump; What insulin is used? What is the pump is malfunctioning, what should you do?
what is Gives a small continuous dose of insulin subcutaneously, patient can also self-administer additional dosage from the pump before each meal.
Regular insulin, short acting. Check their sugar level via finger stick
What is the patho of DKA and what are the signs and symptoms of DKA ?
what is increased increased fat breakdown releasing glucose
thirst, dry, poor skin turgor, increased hunger, and increased urination, +key tones in UA decrease LOC leading up to Coma
What do you teach about Neuro care and what are the symptoms of neuropathy issues?
what is managing sugar (compliance) burning stinging sensation in hands and feet
If you client presented with signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, how do you treat? Your client is conscious. Can DM clients have alcohol? What do you need to teach them?
what is orange juice, graham crackers,
they can but have 1-2 MAX and make they eat
What should you teach your client about BG monitoring when sick (cold/flu)
what is increase frequency in which finger sticks are being done to monitor for hyper/hypoglycemia
If your client presents with any s/s of instability, what assessment should you always preform?
what is obtain a fingerstick blood glucose test
Treatments for DKA; be specific
What are the nursing assessments associated with the treatments
what is IVF and IV Insulin; Resp s/s of fluid volume overload and signs of hypoglycemia
Regular insulin (short acting)
Patient teaching surrounding Retinopathy and Why is this a HUGE concern in self management of DM
what is seeing an eye doc minimally every year or more frequent
use assistive devices for small print or hard to read items. managing sugar
DM use their eyes for self management and proper assessment of glucose reading and drawing up insulin
Why are clients encouraged to have a bedtime snack and why is this is a concern?
what is to prevent hypoglycemia during the night, and diabetic coma
Kussamal's is
what is rapid deep hyperventilating respiratory with a fruity smell
Type II vs Type I Treatments and why?
what is type 1 insulin and type 2 oral meds; Type 1 makes NO insulin requires insulin
what is the treatment for HHS, Nursing assessments centered around treatment options
Risk of developing HHS?
what is IVF and insulin
Resp assessments and signs of fluid volume overload
Dehydration most common risk for HHS
What places DM clients at an Increased risk of Infections and what is a major risk of UTI?
what is organisms love sugar, especially bacteria.
Glycosuria
Your clients is unresponsive with a BG of 26, how do you treat
what is with Dextrose 50% IV push, glucagon IV/IM, repeat in 10-15 mins, call for help !
If a client is hyperglycemic and has keytones in their urine, should the client continue their exercise routine, even if they feel good. When safe to exercise what should you teach client ?
what is no, it will increase the release of keytones.
No keytones in the urine
Why would a nurse be concerned about a DM clients temperature?
what is risk of infection
What are the differences between HHS and DKA
what is level of BG, Keytones (+/-), rapid onset versus slow onset, type I vs II,
HGBA1C normal levels
what is 4%-6% what does this mean and how does this help in the management of DM
Treatment for Hypoglycemia
What are assess for s/s of hypoglycemia (which are?)
Treat w/ with 4 - 8 g of carbs (eating a snack if next next meal is greater than 1 hr)
Assess for LOC changes, go to the ED
What do you teach the client with DM management during illness or stress?
it can increase the clients glucose levels needing more insulin
Insulin administration effects what major electrolyte and why.
what is potassium
increases K intake in the cell