Hepatitis
This Hepatitis is contracted through contaminated food/water; who is at greatest risk of contracting Hep A; Complications of Hep A, Phases of Hep A and symptoms. What sign is present during the interic phase of Hep A
what is Hepatitis A
poor hygiene, contaminated water/food, 3rd world countries, workers around food and feces
interic phase will reveal jaundice
Hep C and Alcoholism leads to what biliary disease
What is Biliary Cirrhosis
Most common cause of Pancreatitis and some other causes? What is the worse complication of Pancreatitis?
What is Alcohol (ETOH).
ERCP, gall bladder issues, infection, DM, ARDS, bleeding, high triglyceride, gall stones
Pancreatic Cancer
Clients with cirrhosis/ascites with leads to low osmotic pressure due to what? What other treatment can be used for ascites? Complication from ascites? How do you know the ascites is improving
what is hypoalbumiemia?
Spiralactone , respiratory distress, (paracentesis)
decrease abdominal girth
Varcies are common as a result of what complication due to cirrhosis of the Liver?
What is portal vein hypertension
This Medication would be contraindicated in Hepatitis/Liver Dysfunction. What else can be a treatment specific to ONLY the liver
what is Tylenol
Interferon
Common Sign of biliary concerns, What bilirubin gives stool its color (direct or indirect). What causes pruritis in biliary disease?
What about direct bilirubin
What is clay/grey colored stools; darker urine color
indirect - bile salts in under the skin
direct - most abundant form of bilirubin, gives stool its color
Treatment for Pancreatitis and what are the Pancreatic Labs
What is important to remember with Pancrease?
What are TPN, NPO, Pancrease (pancreatic enzymes), glucose monitoring/insulin H2 Blocker and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What is Lipase and Amylase
Must be taken with each meal and snacks
Treatment for Hepatic Encephalopathy, how is it given, how do you know the medications are working or not working. How does it work
What can be used to reduce itching
what is lactulose and neomycin (antibiotic)
oral, can be mixed with juice (for taste reason)
improvement in mental status (or no changers to mental status, assess for GI bleed) forces increased bowel movements (liquid)
Questran cholestryamine
Emergency Management for Esophageal varcies rupture
what is S.B. tube or Esophageal tamponde tube
Hep D can only be contracted if the client has what? Treatment used for this client would be what and Nursing should monitor/teach the client for what?
What is Hep B
What is Interferon; flu like symptoms
Cholelithiasis (obstructing bile) can lead to what other inflammatory disease
what is pancreatitis
What pulmonary complication can happen with pancreatitis. What other complications can be seen with pancreatitis
what is pleural effusion/pneumonia
edema, hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage,
Hepatic Encephalopathy first and major symptom? This is due to a build up of what?
What is AMS/Confusion.
Ammonia
your male client with esophageal varcies due to cirrhosis may have this symptom as a result of an increase in estrogen release
what is Gynecomastia
What Hepatitis is MOST directly linked to chronic Hepatitis? What labs would you see
What is fetor hepaticus?
what is Hep C
increase AST ALT, low albumin, increased bilirubin, increased coagulation times
stool/sulfer breath
Treatment for pruritis related to cholelithiasis
what is Cholestyramine (Questran)
What is the electrolyte imbalance seen in pancreatitis
what is hypocalcemia (Ca binds fatty acids where there is necrosis)
Why do MD's prescribe Albumin infusions for Cirrhosis
what are changes the osmotic pressure and leads to decrease in ascites
What else can be used to reduce ascites?
Priority nursing interventions for a client with esophageal varcies?
what is reducing constipation, reducing food related injury inside the esophagus, no NSAIDS/ASA, bleeding precautions
Major complications of Hepatitis and a sign of them?What is the transmissions?
What are increased AST, decreased albumin, increased Bilirubin, extended coagulation times.
tattoos, needle sharing or poor cleaning, sexual contact, saliva
Medicinal treatment for acute cholecystitis to help reduce the amount of bile stored and leaving the gall bladder. Antibiotics can be used for infectious cholecystitis, what should be concerned about as a side effect?
what is anticholinergic drugs
decreased urinary output, renal damage
Major Complications associated with Pancreatitis; what is the difference Cullen's Sign vs Turner's Sign
What are Edema, Hypovolemic shock, Necrosis, Hemorrhage, Hypocalcemia, Pleural Effusions/Pneumonia, DM
bruises in the flank (cullen) hemorrhagic pancreatitis vs umbilical (turners) GI internal bleeding
Signs/symptoms of advanced cirrhosis include
What is gynecomastia
what are Hyperaldosteronism, Leukopenia, Palmar erythema, Thrombocytopenia
breast development in men due to estrogen build up in the blood (liver can filter)
Treatment for Esophageal varcies to help prevent rupture?
what is GERD reduction H2 and PPI's.