Diabetes 1
Chronic conditions caused by diabetes
what is atherosclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, decreased healing
what leads to non-healing ulcers?
what class of drugs are given to help preserve the kidneys
what is sliding scale insulin dosing?
what is adjusting doses of insulin based current blood sugar prior to meals and dinner.
what insulin is typically used short or rapid acting.
Can it be combined with other insulin's such as Intermediate and/or long?
Clients with Type 1 diabetes are at risk of developing what pH altering disorder
what is DKA,
How is DKA diagnostically found; Keytones present in the urine (ketonuria).
Type I vs Type II DM treatment?
what is insulin for Type I and Type II oral (may or may not require insulin doing)
Suflonylurea drugs can cause what complication
what is hypoglycemia
What other class of drugs can cause hypoglycemia?
Why is this??
Who cannot get this drug??
What happens if a client drinks alcohol with this drug?
DKA/Ketosis signs and symptoms
what is decreased skin tutor, dehydration, keynotes in the urine, hyperglycemia, kussmal's breathing, acetone breath (fruity breath)
how does DKA increase the risk of thrombus formation?
first line treatment for DKA
why is kussmal's important to control?
what fasting blood glucose level is considered diabetes
what is 126
Client complains of blood glucose level is elevated in the morning and night sweats/nightmares
what is Somogyi Effect
how do we treat this?
When prepping to exercise the client is taught to bring what with them?
what is a 15gm snack to be eaten prior or after exercising
Biguanide's like Metformin works at regulating glucose by doing what
what is reducing glucose production by the liver, improving insulin resistance, and helps improve moving glucose in the body,
Does metformin cause hypoglycemia?
What is something that nurses need to remember when clients are taking Metformin and are schedule for a procedure/surgery?
Side effects of Metformin?Cannot mix metformin with what? why?
what is osmotic diuresis?
what is increase in the concentration of blood in the setting up hyperglycemia
what condition leads to osmotic diuresis?
how does insulin work?
what is pushes blood into cell to used as energy, promotes storage of sugar into the liver (glycogen) and stores glucose in adipose tissue.
best time to encourage diabetic clients to exercise?
3 nutritional groups that diabetics must regulate
what is fat, protein and carbs
How to treat Hypoglycemia, conscious and unconscious client
what is oral food (OJ and Graham crackers) if conscious, if unconscious IV Dextrose 50% or IM Glucagon
Which oral anti-diabetic drug class prevents inactivation of incretins assisting in glucose control and delayed gastric emptying
what is DPP-4 inhibitors
if your diabetic client has a change in condition (sudden or progressive) what is the first assessment
what is check a finger stick
Hemoglobin A1C (Glycisylated hemoglobin) characteristics
What is reflects sugar levels attached to RBC over 90-120 days, help manage DM and risks of complications, anything over 6.5/7% indicated diabetes.
Recommendations for snacks when clients are hypoglycemic
what are
Peanut butter crackers as a snack, Cake frosting on oral mucosa, Skim milk, Baked potato, OJ, graham crackers,
which electrolyte are you monitoring when providing large amounts of insulin
what is potassium
Onset of Rapid and short acting insulin
what is rapid is 15 mins and short is 30 mins
what is the peak?
where is insulin stored?
Name some Rapid and short acting insulins
best insulin for treatment?
signs and symptoms of HHS
what are dehydration, 3 P's, increased serum osmlartity, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, hypotension, tachycardia
anxiety and nervous, fidgety are early signs of what?
what is hypoglycemia
what happens if a nurse were inject insulin into a lipodystrophy
what is the client would experience hypoglycemia followed by a period of hyperglycemia
what class of drugs effect the glucose levels and must be monitored more closely
what are steroids
Symlin pramlintide is part of the amylin class of anti-diabetic drugs, what action does it provide
what is starch blocking, privation of absorption of glucose into the blood.