Epidemiology Essentials
This term describes the number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time
What is incidence?
Giving an influenza vaccine to prevent illness is an example of this level of prevention.
What is primary prevention?
Separating a person with active pulmonary TB in a negative-pressure room is an example of this.
What is isolation?
In a “windshield survey,” the nurse is primarily collecting this type of data.
What is observational data (or data collected by observation)?
The START triage tag color for a victim with minor injuries who can walk is this.
What is green?
This term describes all existing cases (new + old) of a disease in a population at a given time
What is prevalence?
A colonoscopy used to detect early colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic adult is this level of prevention.
What is secondary prevention?
Keeping someone who was exposed to measles at home during the incubation period (before symptoms) is this.
What is quarantine?
Transportation barriers, food insecurity, and housing instability are all examples of what?
What are social determinants of health?
The triage tag color for a victim who needs immediate life-saving intervention is this.
What is red?
A study design that compares people with a disease to people without it to look for past exposures
What is a case-control study?
Cardiac rehab to improve function after a myocardial infarction is this level of prevention.
What is tertiary prevention?
The single most effective action to prevent spread of most infections in the community setting.
What is hand hygiene (handwashing)?
A community program’s success is often measured with an outcome like “reduced ED visits”; this is an example of program _____.
What is program evaluation?
The most appropriate first action when a client is exposed to an unknown chemical powder on clothing: remove clothing and _____.
What is decontamination (or wash/irrigate the skin)?
The “WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE” pattern of disease occurrence in a community is described by this term.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
A screening test is most useful when the condition is common, serious, and has this key feature: effective ____ exists.
What is treatment? (effective treatment/intervention exists)
When too few people are vaccinated, outbreaks occur because this protective community effect is lost.
What is herd immunity?
The best initial step when planning a community intervention is to identify the community’s top priority using a _____ assessment.
What is a needs assessment?
A classic public health concern in older housing that can impair neurodevelopment in children.
What is lead exposure (lead poisoning)?
A measure that compares the probability of an outcome in the exposed group to the unexposed group.
What is relative risk?
A test that is excellent for ruling a disease out has high _____.
What is high sensitivity?
For a suspected foodborne outbreak, the nurse’s first priority is to do this with the local health department: begin case _____ and source investigation.
What is case finding? (case identification/contact tracing style investigation)
A key ethical principle in population health that means “fair distribution of resources and burdens.”
What is justice?
After a flood, teaching that best prevents GI illness in the community focuses on safe _____ and hand hygiene.
What is safe water (or safe food and water handling)?