Neuro
What is the Monre-Kellie Hypothesis
what is the sum of intracranial content volumes is constant. If the volume of one-part increases, another must decrease. 80%, 10%, 10%
How do you calculate CPP what is CPP?
what is MAP - ICP
CPP is estimated blood flow to the brain and brainstem
subdural vs epidural hematoma locations
what is subdural between the dura and the arachnoid layers
epidural bleeding between the dura and the skull
what are the assessments for IICP cushings triad?
what is pupillary reaction, changes to LOC, AMS,
bradycardia widening pusle pressure, irregular respirations,
Medications used for TBI/IICP are?
Wernicke’s area vs Broca’s area
what is Wernicke’s area of the brain affects comprehension of written and spoken language.
Broca's is the ability to form speech
What is Dysarthria and how does it relate to speech
What assessment lets you know the hypothalamus has been damaged and why?
what hemisphere stoke effects the speech centers? What other symptoms would they have besides speech?
dehydration, hypernatremia, polyuria, and polydispsia after a TBI are indicative of what complcaition?
what is diabetes insipidus?
what is the glascow coma scale
what is specific assessment to determining severity of a traumatic brain injury, responsiveness being one component of this tool using Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke ?
what is ischemic is a thrombosis versus hemorrhagic is from a bleed.
How do you rule in or out a stroke?
what is the Treatment for both?
Contraindications?
if your client comes into the your unit post TBI what nursing intervetnion would be initated as aprecaution and for safety reasons?
what are seziure pads
what increases the clients risk of an ischemic stoke?
what is hypertension and atrial fibrillation
what is of most importance when (nursing intervention) when caring for a cervical spine injury client
what is immoblizing the neck and log rolling the client.
what are you assessing for on a client with a cervical spinal injury?
Positioning a client so that the neck is in a neutral position assists in
what is facilitating venous drainage from the head in clients with IICP?
HOB degree?
what cranial nerves would be effected if the client had dysphagia
Clients with severe TBI recommend that arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) be maintained in the range of what
what is 30-35 mmHg as to not cause hypercarbnia or hypercapenia.
TBI's can lead to what complication?
How would you know the patient is suffering from this complication?
How do you stop this from continuing and manage this complication?
teach your client about memory loss
When assessing a trauma client you need to assess for a base skull fracture, what are you looking for
what are Bruising around the ears, bruising around the eyes, clear fluid coming from the ears or nose
What diagnostic testing would be ordered for a suspected head injury and symptoms that suggest increased intracranial pressure
what are neurological exam,CT scan cervical spine x-ray and skull series.
If IICP is seen or suspected the client can be intubated, what medications would be used in this process and why?
Nursing assessments with these drugs
what is autonmic dysreflexia
what is the difference between regional and a spinal block
why would a client need a lumbar puncture?
what is diagnostic for infections like menningitis
what are the assessment findings with menningitits?
what are your nursing intervetnions for a lumbar puncture?
what is contraindicated with a lumbar puncture?
cerebral arteries will dilate to decrease resistance allowing oxygenated blood flow to easily perfuse brain tissues when which vital sign drops?
what is blood pressure, hypo-perfusion
In an ishemic stroke clients who receive thrombolyic therapy cannot get this class of drugs for atleast 24 hrs
what is anticoagulants
decreased urinary output and hyponatremia are seen in what conditions following a TBI
what is SIADH
what is a ventriculostomy (intraventricular catehter)?
what is a catheter from the external environment into the ventricles of the brain to help remove CSF for clients with IICP.
What are the risks/complications with this?
what is an EEG?
what is an electroencephalogram, used to measure electric actvity in the brain.
Used to diagnose what?
Nursing interventions for EEG's
skull fractures, concussions, cerebral contusions, TBI's and stroke clients all at risk of seizures, what are your nursing intervetnions
what are adminster medicaitons as preventative if ordered (keppra depakote)
decrease external stimuli to prevent seziures.
Pads the side rails, place patient closest to the nurses station.
Decorticate vs decerebrate
what are posturing, decorticate is arms flexed towards to the core,
decerebrate is arms and legs extended, wrists pronated, feet extended away from the core
what is FAST assessment
what is face arms, speech, time
what should you assess for if a compresion spinal injruy is suspected?
what is the nature of the injury or how it happened.