Perioperative (Exam 1)
This critical role involves maintaining a sterile environment, monitoring the patient’s vital signs, and ensuring all surgical instruments are accounted for.
What is the role of the circulating nurse?
lack of motivation, inability to feel pleasure, reduced social interactions, diminished emotional expression, and reduced speech.
What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
This condition involves the repetition of words or phrases spoken by someone else, often seen in schizophrenia. Individuals will repeat what others say instead of generating responses of their own.
What is echolalia?
This type of diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to a high risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
What is type 1 diabetes?
This simple test, often sent home with patients with macular degeneration, helps monitor changes in vision by detecting distortions or blind spots.
What is the Amsler grid?
Tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, reduced urine output, and altered mental status are all signs and symptoms of this condition.
What is excessive blood loss?
After a cardiac catheterization, patients must lie in this position to prevent complications such as bleeding or arterial occlusion.
What is supine?
This anxiety disorder is characterized by a fear of being in places or situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available, often leading to avoidance of such situations.
What is agoraphobia?
This condition, characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures, can be influenced by factors such as diet, exercise, and lifestyle choices.
What is osteoporosis?
This expectorant medication is used to help clear mucus from the chest and throat, making it easier to cough up phlegm.
What is guaifenesin?
This condition occurs when there is a significant decrease in bicarbonate levels in the blood, leading to an increase in acidity.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This low-molecular-weight heparin is commonly used to prevent and treat blood clots by inhibiting certain clotting factors in the blood.
What is enoxaparin (Lovenox)?
Intense fear of social situations, worry about being judged, avoiding social interactions, blushing, sweating, trembling, and nausea.
What are the signs and symptoms of social anxiety disorder?
This chronic condition is characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and tenderness in the muscles and soft tissues. Symptoms may also include sleep disturbances and cognitive difficulties.
What is fibromyalgia?
Aging, exposure to loud noises, genetic factors, and certain illnesses or medications.
What are causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
This condition is characterized by a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood due to hyperventilation, leading to an increase in blood pH.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Patients on this anticoagulant medication need regular monitoring of their PT/INR levels to ensure safe and effective dosing.
What is warfarin?
This chronic brain disorder is characterized by episodes of psychosis, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, often leading to significant social and occupational dysfunction.
What is schizophrenia?
This device is used when dorsalis pedis pulses cannot be palpated manually.
What is a Doppler ultrasound?
This eye condition causes clouding of the lens, leading to symptoms such as glare, blurred vision, and difficulty seeing at night, and is commonly associated with aging.
What are cataracts?
This common bacterial skin infection is characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain, often caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria.
What is cellulitis?
This condition is characterized by fluid buildup on the right side of the body, including the jugular veins, the abdomen, and the feet and ankles.
What is right-sided heart failure?
Memory loss, difficulty completing familiar tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images, and changes in mood and personality.
What are the signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
These symptoms of lupus affect organs and tissues outside of the joints, including the skin, kidneys, and nervous system.
What are extra-articular symptoms of lupus?
This eye condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss if untreated.
What is glaucoma?
This condition is characterized by severe pain in the upper right abdomen, pain that radiates to the right shoulder or back, pain after eating a high-fat meal, tenderness over the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes fever.
What is cholecystitis?
These factors increase the likelihood of developing hypertension.
What are age, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, and excessive salt intake.
Tremors, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, headache, increased heart rate, and in severe cases, seizures and hallucinations.
What are the signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, a 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher during an oral glucose tolerance test, a random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia, or an HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher.
What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
This condition involves the formation of open sores in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, which can lead to symptoms such as stomach pain, nausea, and internal bleeding. It is often due to infection with Helicobacter pylori or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
What is peptic ulcer disease?
This condition occurs when a blood clot breaks loose, travels through the bloodstream, and lodges in small vessels, potentially causing serious complications such as stroke or pulmonary embolism.
What is an embolism?
These factors increase the likelihood of developing coronary artery disease, including lifestyle choices, medical conditions, and genetic predispositions.
What are: Age, obesity, smoking, gender, family history, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet.
This personality disorder is characterized by always wanting to be the center of attention, talking loudly, and flamboyant behavior.
What is histrionic personality disorder?
These two types of finger deformities are commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, one resembling a buttonhole and the other a swan's neck.
What are boutonnière and swan neck deformities?
This condition occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach, causing inflammation and irritation of the esophagus.
What is GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)?
This condition involves the inflammation of a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine, often causing severe pain in the lower right abdomen, nausea, and fever.
What is appendicitis?
This condition is characterized by symptoms such as restlessness, diaphoresis, and dyspnea, often due to the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs.
What is left-sided heart failure?
This syndrome is characterized by a lack of regard for others or rules, often involving manipulative, deceitful, and sometimes criminal behavior.
What is antisocial personality disorder?
This non-cancerous condition involves the enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly affecting older men and leading to urinary symptoms.
What is benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
This eye condition leads to the progressive loss of central vision, often causing difficulty in reading, recognizing faces, and seeing fine details, while peripheral vision remains largely unaffected.
What is macular degeneration?
Dizziness when standing, dry skin and mouth, fatigue, muscle cramps, rapid breathing, low blood pressure, confusion and possible loss of consciousness.
What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?
This disorder is characterized by repetitive rituals that interfere with daily life, such as excessive washing, checking, or counting.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.
What are the signs and symptoms of major depressive disorder?
This type of diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to use insulin effectively, often due to insulin resistance, and is the most common form of diabetes.
What is type 2 diabetes?
This precancerous condition occurs when the normal cells lining the esophagus are replaced by cells similar to those lining the intestine, often due to chronic acid reflux.
What is Barrett's esophagus?
This life-threatening reaction to certain anesthesia drugs includes rapid heart rate, high fever, muscle rigidity, and dark-colored urine
What is malignant hyperthermia?
This personality disorder is characterized by intense mood swings, chronic feelings of emptiness, inappropriate and intense anger, unstable relationships, fear of abandonment, impulsive and risky behaviors, and suicidal behaviors or self-harming actions.
What is borderline personality disorder?
This is always the highest priority when attempting to deescalate a potentially dangerous situation, involving the use of purposeful actions, verbal techniques, and body language to calm the situation.
What is safety?
This medication is used to treat male pattern hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
What is finasteride?
Eating smaller meals; elevating the head of the bed when sleeping; avoiding trigger foods; eliminating caffeinated beverages, smoking and alcohol; avoiding tight-fitting clothing; not lying down for at least 2 hours after eating, and maintaining a healthy weight.
What are ways to prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease?
These interventions are most effective in preventing the development of a pulmonary embolism after surgery.
What ae early mobilization, anticoagulants, and mechanical compression devices?
This condition is often triggered by an allergic reaction or ACE inhibitors and involves swelling beneath the skin or mucous membranes that can affect areas like the face, throat, and extremities.
What is angioedema?
Weight gain, tardive dyskinesia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular complications are side effects of the long-term use of these medications.
What are antipsychotic medications?
Adverse side effects of this medication include lowered immune response and increased risk of infections, weight gain, osteoporosis, diabetes, muscle weakness, skin changes, mood changes, GI issues, cataracts and glaucoma) when taking this type of medication
What are steroids?
When definitively diagnosing a patient with bacterial pneumonia, these samples should be obtained before administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to ensure accurate identification of the causative organism.
What are blood cultures?
This medication, often used during surgery to induce muscle relaxation, can cause a rapid onset of paralysis and is known for its potential to trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals.
What is succinylcholine?
This type of medication affects heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors. Side effects can include dizziness or lightheadedness or a slow heart rate (bradycardia).
What is a beta blocker?
This class of medications, often prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and other mental health issues, works by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA.
What are benzodiazepines?
BONUS: WHAT IS THE REVERSAL AGENT FOR BENZODIAZEPINES??
This medication, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as it plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process that leads to the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, such as joint pain, swelling, and damage.
What is Humira (adalimumab)?
This medication is used to treat peptic ulcer disease as it adheres to the ulcer site in the stomach or duodenum and creates a protective barrier. This barrier shields the ulcer from stomach acids, digestive enzymes, and bile salts, thus allowing it to heal. It is typically taken one hour before meals or two hours after meals.
What is Carafate (sucralfate)?