Oxygenation Basics
What is the normal range for oxygen saturation (SpO2)?
What is 95–100%?
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and capillaries.
What is diffusion?
The term for fluid moving into tissues and causing swelling.
What is edema?
The normal range of sodium (Na+).
What is 135–145 mEq/L?
Normal blood pH range.
What is 7.35–7.45?
What is the term for difficulty breathing?
What is dyspnea?
The respiratory rate is controlled by this part of the brain.
What is the medulla oblongata?
The hormone that conserves water and is released from the posterior pituitary.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
This electrolyte affects the heart and must be monitored closely.
What is potassium (K+)?
pH < 7.35
What is acidosis?
This device delivers 1–6 L/min of oxygen.
What is a nasal cannula?
Lab test that measures oxygen, CO2, and pH in blood.
What is an arterial blood gas (ABG)?
The best indicator of fluid volume status in a patient.
What is daily weight?
Low calcium can cause this facial twitch when tapping the cheek.
What is Chvostek’s sign?
This buffer system helps regulate pH in the blood.
What is the bicarbonate buffer system?
A high-pitched sound heard on inspiration, often in upper airway obstruction.
What is stridor?
Breath sounds that are wet or bubbly (Rice crispy), often in heart failure.
What are crackles (rales)?
Term for excessive fluid loss, especially from vomiting or diarrhea.
What is dehydration?
Symptoms of hypokalemia include weakness and these cardiac changes.
What are dysrhythmias or EKG changes?
Common cause of metabolic alkalosis.
What is vomiting or NG suctioning?
Name two nursing interventions for a patient with low oxygen levels.
What are elevate HOB and apply oxygen?
Name the muscle primarily responsible for breathing.
What is the diaphragm?
An IV solution with the same osmolarity as blood.
What is an isotonic solution (e.g., 0.9% NS)?
High magnesium levels may cause this decrease in reflexes.
What is hyporeflexia?
A condition where pH > 7.45 and HCO₃ > 26 mEq/L.
What is metabolic alkalosis?