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Left midclavicular line at the fifth ICS
Apical/mitral:
Just right of the sternum at the second ICS
Aortic
Just left of the sternum at the fourth ICS
Tricuspid
Just left of the sternum at the third ICS
Erb's point
Just left of the sternum at the second ICS
Pulmonic
are a palpable vibration that can accompany murmurs or cardiac malformation.
Thrills
First heart sound (S1) is known as the
“lub” sound
period when the heart muscle relaxes and the ventricle chambers fill with blood, decreasing pressure in the arterial system
Diastole
High-pitched, muffled, grating, and leathery sound heard with each heart beat.
Pericardial Friction Rub
Second heart sound (S2) is known as the
"dub" sound
is the amount of blood the heart pumps out in 1 minute; heart pumps about 6 L/min
Cardiac output
valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta.
Aortic
are blowing or swishing sounds that indicate obstructed peripheral blood flow. Use the bell of the stethoscope.
Bruits
valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
Mitral
transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver where it is then broken down and eliminated from the body; this is the “good” cholesterol
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
is a period the heart ventricles contract and pump blood out into the aorta, increasing pressure in the arterial system
Systole
transports cholesterol from the liver to the walls of blood vessels; this is the cholesterol that builds up in the arteries. “bad” cholesterol.
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles and include the
Tricuspid and Mitral
occur when the heart fails to beat at regular successive intervals.
Dysrhythmias
are unexpected, visible elevations of the chest wall that indicate heart failure, and are often along the left sternal border or at the PMI.
Heaves or lifts
Semilunar valves separate the ventricles from the pulmonary artery and aorta and include the
Aortic and pulmonic
valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
Pulmonic
can sound like “Tennessee”
S4
valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
Tricuspid
can sound like “Kentucky
S3