Diabetes
The name of the disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency
What is type 1A diabetes mellitus
This periodic element is essential to the production of thyroid hormone
What is iodine
The term for wear and tear on the body due to repeated stressors
What is allostatic load
This system plays a very important role in blood pressure regulation due to the activation of angiotensin II and release of aldosterone.
What is the RAAS system
This hormone is released in response to stretch in the ventricles and can be a good indicator of underlying heart failure
What is BNP
This blood sugar level is roughly equal to the renal tubule maximum for glucose reabsorption
What is 180 mg/dL
An autoimmune condition that results in the production of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins that mimic the effects of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
What is Grave's Disease
This part of the brain is responsible for registering fear
What is the amygdala
When stimulated, this receptor causes vasoconstriction of the systemic arteries
What is the alpha-1 receptor
This is a newer term used to describe heart failure that is systolic in nature
Insulin deficiency has this effect on plasma potassium levels
What is increase
In excess, this hormone commonly causes hyperglycemia, collagen breakdown, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, immunosuppression, central obesity, and thin extremities
What is cortisol
This is a clinical disorder that develops following a traumatic exposure and is associated with persistent thoughts about the event (e.g. flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance behaviors, and difficulty recalling facts around the time of the event or persistent symptoms of increased psychological sensitivity
What is post traumatic stress disorder
This lipoprotein can remove cholesterol from developing plaques and transport it to the liver for processing
What is HDL
Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries will lead to this clinical consequence
What is pulmonary edema
These five features are characteristic of metabolic syndrome
What is central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low HDL, and high blood sugar levels
This hormone is released by the pituitary gland and can cause hyperpigmentation of the skin
What is Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
This part of the brain is primarily involved in memory
What is the hippocampus
This enzyme plays a role in the production of cholesterol and is blocked by statins, a common cholesterol-lowering medication
What is HMG-CoA
This is the effect of chronic hypoxemia on right ventricular afterload
What is increase
These form when glucose binds to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and contribute to many of the common complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus
What are Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs)
This is the most common cause of primary hypercortisolism
What is an adrenal tumor
This type of stress response is a learned response to a specific trigger
What is conditional stress response
These two conditions are required for the development of atherosclerosis
What is dyslipidemia and endothelial injury
Chronic, uncontrolled hypertension will have this effect on the left ventricular wall
What is hypertrophy