Cardio Disorders
Which of the following helps a nurse to distinguish angina from an MI?
A. Angina occurs longer than 30 mins
B. MI will be relieved with nitro
C. MI will have normal cardiac enzyme levels
D. Angina can be relieved with rest and nitro
Angina can be relieved with rest and nitro
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an exercise stress test. Which of the following comments made by the client should indicate to the nurse that further teaching is required ?
A. I will not smoke prior to test
B. I will take my heart meds the morning of test
C. Ill get 8 hrs of sleep the night before
D. Ill skip my morning coffee the day of the test
B. Clients should avoid their heart meds to prevent fluctuations in HR during the test
A nurse is caring for a client with PAD. The nurse should expect that the client will sleep most comfortably in which position?
A. Affected limb hanging from bed
B. With the affected limb elevated on pillows
C. HOB raised
D. Side lying postion
A. Remember A for dangling because it is facing down. Elevation causes more pain
A nurse is caring for a patient with acute osteomyelitis. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find?
B) Swelling, warmth, and tenderness over the affected bone
Rationale: In osteomyelitis, inflammation causes localized swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Fever and chills are also common. Sudden, sharp pain relieved by rest is not typical in osteomyelitis, and pale skin with decreased capillary refill is associated with vascular issues rather than infection.
Which statement about nitro confirms understanding of the teaching provided ?
A. I will place tablet between the gum and cheek
B. I will put tablet in the back of my mouth
C. I will put the tablet under my tongue
D. I will chew tablet
C. I will put the tablet under my tongue
Nitroglycerin is SL, so it would need to be placed under the tongue
Which is the best nonpharmacological measure for pt with angina pectoris?
A. Taking a deep breath
B. Resting in chair
C. Applying cold cloth to chest
D. taking a brisk walk
B. Resting in a chair
A nurse is providing teaching to a client with stable angina and has a new rx for nitroglycerin, oral sustained release capsules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Take 1 capsule at the onset of pain
B. Stop taking the medication if side effects are troublesome
C. take with meals
D. Swallow capsule whole
D. It is oral sustained release, it should be taken whole
A- not used for acute attacks
B- abruptly stopping can cause vasospasms
C- take it on empty stomach 1 hr before meals or 2 hr after meals with 8 oz glass of water
A patient with varicose veins asks the nurse how to reduce symptoms and prevent further vein distention. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
Try to elevate your legs whenever possible.
Rationale: Elevating the legs helps promote venous return and reduces pooling of blood in the veins, which can relieve symptoms associated with varicose veins. Compression stockings, regular exercise, and avoiding prolonged standing are also recommended for management.
A nurse is caring for a patient in Buck's traction for a femur fracture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure proper care of the patient?
Frequently assess the skin under the traction boot.
Rationale: In Buck’s traction, assessing the skin under the boot is essential to prevent skin breakdown due to prolonged pressure. The weights should hang freely (not rest on the floor), and traction should never be adjusted without a physician’s order.
Which symptoms are closely associated with the use of nitro tabs? SATA
A. Headache
B. Dry mouth
C. Dizziness
D. Confusion
E. Sweating
F. Flushing
A, C, F
What healthy alternative would help comply with a low cholesterol diet ?
A. Wheat toast over white toast
B. Margarine for butter
C. Eggs instead of cereal
D. Ham for sausage
A. Wheat toast
The other options are still high in cholesterol
A nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from surgical placement of artificial heart valve and is to be started on Warfarin (Coumadin). Which of the following diagnostic test should be used to monitor the effect of this therapy?
A. Platelet count
B. PT
C. Bleeding Time
D. aPTT
B. PT should be 2-3x the normal value depending on therapeutic anticoagulation
platelet count is not impacted by warfarin
Bleeding time is associated with platelet dysfunction
aPTT is used to monitor heparin
A nurse is caring for a client who is post op and at risk for the development of thrombophlebitis. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following while sitting in the chair ?
A. Elevating feet
B. Crossing the legs
C. Flexing the ankles
D. Resting feet on floor
B. Crossing legs; thrombophlebitis is vein inflammation r/t blood clot. This can cause circulatory issues and increase clients risk
A patient with chronic lower back pain is being discharged with a care plan to manage pain at home. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
I can rest in bed for several days if the pain becomes severe."
Rationale: Prolonged bed rest can actually worsen lower back pain and contribute to muscle stiffness. Patients should instead be encouraged to remain as active as possible with modifications and gentle exercises.
Which adverse reaction of Atorvastatin must be reported immediately?
A. Palpitations
B. Weight Loss
C. Visual Changes
D. Muscle pain
D. Muscle pain
Rhabdomyolysis is an adverse effect
What type of aneurysm in characterized by flank back pain, and bruits?
AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurisym
A nurse in the ICU is caring for a client who had an acute MI and had cardiac enzymes drawn. The nurse should know that the results of the cardiac enzyme studies help determine the
A. Location of the MI
B. Size of the MI
C. Coexistence of pulmonary congestion
D. Degree of the damage to the myocardium
D. the enzymes (troponin and CPK) rise and fall after an MI ; their elevation reflect the degree of damage to the myocardium
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic venous insufficiency and was prescribed compression stockings. The nurse should instruct the client to:
A. Massage both legs prior to applying stockings
B. Apply stockings in the morning upon awakening and getting out of bed
C. Roll the stockings to the knees if they will not stay on thighs
D. Remove stockings while OOB for 1 hour 4x daily to allow the legs to rest
B b/c this reduces venous statis and assists in venous return of blood in the heart
A. NEVER MASSAGE ! This could lead to dislodge of clot
C. This will cut off the circulation
D. Stockings should be removed at night before bed
A nurse is preparing to educate a patient who has been diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
B) “It is important to complete the full course of your prescribed antibiotics.”
Rationale: In chronic osteomyelitis, completing the entire course of antibiotics is essential to prevent recurrence. Treatment often lasts for weeks or months, even if symptoms improve.
A key aspect of teaching for the patient on anticoagulant therapy includes which instructions?
a. Monitor for and report any signs of bleeding.
b. Do not take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for a headache.
c. Decrease your dietary intake of foods containing vitamin K.
d. Arrange to have blood drawn routinely to check drug levels.
A. Monitor and report for any signs bleeding; anticoagulants puts you at a higher risk for bleeding
B. Acetaminophen is not CI in anticoags
C. Vitamin K is good to continue intaking b/c it helps with the blood
D. This can be true but it is not the priority
Which part of a pts history is the biggest factor for the development of CAD
A. Drinking Socially
B. History of mitral valve repair
C. Hx of Rheumatic fever as a child
D. BMI of 35
D. BMI of 35 is usually linked with hyperlipidemia which is also a risk factor in CAD
Calculate the IV Hep Infusion Rate
Weight: 235 lbs
Available: 25,000u/500ml in D5W
Order: IV Hep 18u/kg/hr
38.5 ml/hr
convert weight to kg
weight in kg * 18 u/kg/hr = 1922.727272723
1922.727272723 u/hr *500 ml/ 25,000U= 38.45455
round to 38.5
A nurse is teaching a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon about lifestyle modifications to reduce the frequency of attacks. Which of the following instructions should be included?
imit intake of caffeinated drinks.
Rationale: Caffeine is a vasoconstrictor and can increase the likelihood of Raynaud's attacks. Patients are advised to avoid cold exposure, manage stress, wear warm clothing, and avoid smoking or other vasoconstrictors.
A patient with a recent long bone fracture begins showing signs of confusion, dyspnea, and a petechial rash across the chest. The nurse suspects a fat embolism. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
B) Administer oxygen and prepare for intubation if necessary.
Rationale: Administering oxygen is essential in managing a fat embolism, as hypoxia is a primary concern. Intubation may be necessary in severe cases to support respiratory function.
A nurse is educating a patient with osteoporosis who has been prescribed calcitonin. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a correct understanding of how calcitonin helps manage osteoporosis?
"This medication slows bone loss by inhibiting the cells that break down bone."
Rationale: Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity, which reduces bone resorption and helps manage osteoporosis by slowing bone loss. It does not increase bone marrow production, calcium production, or directly replace lost calcium.