Assessment
This disorder results from a deficiency of vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland in which the patient will have large volumes of dilute urine.
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
This is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
What is Graves' Disease?
A characteristic manifestation with Graves' Disease is also exopthalamos - "bulging eyes"
Cells have a reduced ability to respond to insulin.
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Diagnostic test used to trend glycemic control over the last 3 months
What is Hemaglobin A1C
•Normal: 4-6%
•Prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%
•Diabetes: > 6.5%
•Poor controlled DM: >8%
Long term corticosteroid therapy may result in a patient developing fat redistribution to their trunk and face consistent with
What is Cushing's syndrome
The definitive treatment for thyroid cancer
what is a thyroidectomy?
This may be partial or total depending on the type and location.
Autoimmune process is causing beta cell destruction.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Acronym used to educate patients with diabetes about proper management of their disease during times of illness
what is "SICK"
S= blood sugar - should be checking more frequently
I = Insulin - should still be taking their prescribed insulin (many will have a prescribed "sick day dose")
C = Carbs - attempt to eat while sick, smaller meals, easier to digest, if unable to tolerate solids focusing on liquids. Liquids if blood sugar levels are low should have a sugar in them, like gatorade.
K = Ketones, assessing their urine for ketones, they should have home test strips in which to do so
An excess in this hormone can result in symptoms such as acromegaly or gigantism.
What is Growth Hormone?
Hypertrophy of the pituitary gland will result in excess growth hormone and characteristic manifestations of acromegaly like large hands/feet and larger facial features.
A severe state of hypothyroidism characterized by profound bradycardia, hypothermia and lethargy
What is Myxedema Coma?
These patients will be treated with IV levothyroxine (Synthroid) to replace thyroid hormone to correct the underlying issue.
True or False? Patients with type 2 diabetes cannot be managed with oral hypoglycemic agents ("antidiabetic") alone and will always require insulin.
False
Type 1 - is insulin dependent, Type 2 may very well be able to manage their diabetes without pharmacologic intervention. However, during periods of increased stress, like with illness or injury they may require additional support in the form of subQ insulin therapy
Chvostek's is an assessment finding indicative of which electrolyte imbalance
what is calcium? specifically hypocalcemia
Hypertrophy of this endocrine gland may cause symptoms such as headache, blurry vision or blindness
what is the pituitary gland?
Hypertrophy = enlargement
an enlarged pituitary gland is going to put pressure on the sella turcica and pressure on the optic nerve causing the associated headaches and vision disturbances
Condition of severe hyperthyroidism characterized by hyperthermia, hypertension and altered mental status
what is thyroid storm
Microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, are a result of prolonged/chronic?
What is hyperglycemia
Overproduction of this hormone often results in bone demineralization.
What is overproduction of PTH?
PTH is going to promote the reabsorption of calcium from the bone leading to osteoporosis
Calcitonin is the counter balance to PTH that in the presence of high serum calcium levels prevents further reabsorption of calcium from bone
Prolonged corticosteroid therapy will have this effect on the adrenal glands
what is atrophy?
Common complication of thyroid surgery manifested by tetany and paresthesias
what is hypocalcemia caused by parathyroid gland injury/removal
A patient who is hypoglycemic, unconscious with not functioning IV access would receive what?
What is glucagon?
Onset is 30 minutes when given IM. Patients who are hypoglycemic in the acute setting with functioning IVs and decreased consciousness will respond more quickly to IV Dextrose 50%