Substance Use
What is the a concern regarding alcohol withdrawal in the first 24 to 72 hrs without alcohol
Two pharmacological treatments for anxiety
Benzodiazepines (Lams and Pams) and SSRIs(first line of treatment)
What is anhedonia
Lack of pleasure in normal activities
What are two suicide protective factors (reasons why someone would not commit)
Supportive family and Spiritual/religious beliefs
What are the three groups of medications used to treat anxiety/depression
SSRIs
SNRIs
MAOIs
What is physical dependence vs Psychological dependence
Physical: Need for an increasing amount of the substance to get the desired effect
Psychological: Overwhelming desire to repeat the use of the drug to produce pleasure
What are signs and symptoms of anxiety
Restlessness, muscle tension, avoiding stressful situations, sleep disturbances
Signs and symptoms of depression
Depressed mood, difficulty sleeping, suicidal ideation
What is the number one nursing priority for a suicidal patient?
SAFETY
What foods need to be avoided when on MAOIs?
Aged cheeses, beer, wine, smoked meats, grapefruit
What are 2 risks factors for substance abuse
Genetics and Hx of trauma
What does OCD stand for and what is it?
Obsessive Compulsion Disorder: Intrusive thoughts of unrealistic obsessions that one tries to controls with compulsive behaviors.
Risk factors for depression
Family history, Neurotransmitter deficiencies, stressful life events
What are two risk factors for suicide
previous attempts, physical/terminal illness
S/S of serotonin syndrome
Changes in mental state, Neuromuscular excitement (Muscle rigidity, weakness, sluggish pupils), Diaphoretic
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder?
Memory disorder due to lack of vitamin B1 in those with alcohol use disorder.
Risk Factors for Anxiety
Being female, Trauma or a medical condition like hyperthyroidism or pulmonary embolism.
What are two nursing interventions
Provide safety, encourage ADLs.
What is an example of a question you would aske a suicidal patient?
"Do you have a plan?"
"Would you kill yourself right now if you could?"
What two medications reduce alcohol cravings?
Naltrexone (Trexan) and Acamprosate (Campral)
What is delirium tremens?
Life threatening form of alcohol withdrawal, Slows down your CNS.
Two nonpharmacological treatments for anxiety
CBT, Systematic desensitization
Two nonpharmacological treatments for depression
Light therapy, electrocomplusive therapy, Transcranial magnetic stimulation
an example of an acute suicidal ideation behavior vs chronic ongoing suicidal ideation behavior
Acute suicidal ideation: Giving away belongings, resolving personal issues, writing a suicide note, major change in behavior
Chronic: Wishing to be dead, no specific thought, plan or intent of taking own life.
What is the top medication used to treat alcohol withdrawal?
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)