COPD
The etiology of COPD
What is smoking & air pollution
Severe deficiency of this vitamin causes Korsakoff syndrome.
What is B1 (Thiamine)
Risk factors for CKD
Diabetes, HBP, Heart Disease, Obesity, AKI, Smoking, lupus, sepsis, African American, Asian or Native American
Etiology of primary essential hypertension
idiopathic, aka unknown
Function of HDL - High density lipoprotein
Pick up excess cholesterol and return to the liver.
This is the "good" cholesterol.
Symptoms of COPD
What is SOB,wheezing or a chronic cough.
Frequent respiratory infections, inability to exercise
Cough can be dry or with phlegm
Etiology of Wernicke-Korsakoff
Thiamine deficiency. Alcohol does not directly cause it directly. Alcohol blocks the absorption of Thiamine.
Name the 2 types of dialysis
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Modifiable risk factors
smoke cessation
weight maintenance
reduce sodium - DASH diet
exercise
limit alcohol
Symptoms of high cholesterol
None, found on blood work
Pharmacologic treatment of COPD
What is inhalers, nebulizer treatment and oxygen
Symptoms of chronic alcohol dementia versus alzhemiers
What is loss of muscle coordination, abnormal eye movement, inability to form new memories, confusion, memory loss, confabulation, double vision, hallucinations
When is dialysis required
What is a GFR of less than 15
Ideal BP reading
below 120/80
Modifiable risk factors
Diet - less saturated fats (solid at room temp - butter)
Exercise
Maintain a healthy weight
Stop smoking
Reduce alcohol
Vaccinations recommended for COPD patients
What is pnemovax, flu, RSV, Covid
Thiamine repletion. How long is it required?
10 days
How to delay the progression of kidney disease
What is manage: diabetes (A1C), hypertension, cholesterol and weight
Complications of uncontrolled hypertension
Stroke
Heart failure, heart attack
Kidney damage
Vision damage
Erectile dysfunction
Statins - mechanism of action
Reduce amount of cholesterol made by the liver
The risk of O2 SATs greater than 94% in COPD patients
What is CO2 retention
A response that individuals with dementia exhibit in a stressful situation?
Yelling or hitting as they have difficulty controlling their reactions.
A common medication avoided with CKD
Ibuprofen, Can decrease blood flow to the kidneys
Symptoms of hypertensive crisis
Headache, chest pain, ringing in the ears, SOB, vomiting, vision changes
Best food choice to reduce cholesterol
What are vegetables and fruit - soluble fiber lowers cholesterol, it binds to fiber exiting the body through bowel movements.