Chest Trauma
These are the two types of chest trauma
What are blunt-force and penetrating trauma?
This is a severe, life-threatening condition where fluid builds up in the lungs' air sacs, preventing oxygen from getting into the bloodstream
What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
An obstruction of one or more of the branches of the pulmonary artery (PA) by particulate matter that has an origin elsewhere in the body.
What is Pulmonary Embolism?
This measures the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, indicating its acidity or alkalinity. Name the arterial blood gas value and the range.
What is pH? 7.35-7.45
Described as rubbing of hair follicles together, caused by inflation of previously deflated lung tissue, present during inspiration (early or late), and heard in patients with Fibrosis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and COPD
What are fine crackles (fine rales)?
This is a term used when three or more adjacent ribs have been fractured in two or more places as a result of blunt or crush chest trauma, resulting in a free segment of the ribs.
What is flail chest?
These are the three phases of ARDS
What are the exudative, proliferative and Fibrotic phases?
Venous stasis, vessel wall damage, and hypercoagulability are the major predisposing factor for the development of a DVT.
What is Virchow's triad?
This is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, representing the respiratory component of acid-base balance, as it is carried for excretion by the lungs
What is PaC02? 35-45 mm Hg
Described as a popping/coarse sound, caused by fluid or secretions in lower airways, auscultated during early inspiration or expiration and heard in patients with COPD, Sputum in the airway, Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema, Heart failure.
What are Coarse crackles (coarse rales)?
Two terms used for the presence of air or blood in the pleural space
What is a pneumothorax and hemothorax?
This is a lung injury caused by high pressure or volume during mechanical ventilation. Air leaks out of the lungs leading to complication such as, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema.
What is barotrauma?
A condition where ventilation and perfusion are not properly matched, disrupting efficient gas exchange and leading to conditions like hypoxemia.
What is V/Q mismatch
This is the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood, reflecting the body's ability to absorb oxygen from the lungs
What is Pa02? 80-95 mm Hg
Described as snoring, caused by obstruction, sputum, or secretions typically in upper airways, present during inspiration and expiration, may clear with coughing/suctioning and is caused by pneumonia, bronchitis, masses in lung, foreign body.
What is Ronchi?
This is when blood is in the pericardium resulting in compression of the heart, is a life-threatening injury if not quickly treated.
What is cardiac tamponade?
This is the desired position for a patient with ARDS to help improve oxygenation and reduce the V/Q mismatch
What is Prone Position?
What laboratory test is a specific indicator of the possibility of the presence of a thrombus in the body
What is D-dimer?
This is known as the metabolic parameter, it reflects the kidneys' ability to retain and excrete bicarbonate, contributing to acid-base balance.
What is HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
Described as a squeaky musical instrument, caused by bronchoconstriction and inflammation, present during inspiration, expiration, or both and heard with patient's having Asthma and COPD
What is Wheezing?
This is when air or blood collects in the pleural space and not removed. If left untreated, it may cause a mediastinal shift toward the unaffected side. The result may be a compression of the heart, vena cava, aorta and unaffected lung.
What is tension pneumothorax?
What should a nurse monitor as an early sign of poor oxygen delivery to the tissue and shock
What is Urine output?
This procedure is the physical removal of a clot
What is embolectomy?
This is a condition due to hyperventilation and develops quickly due to ineffective gas exchange and tiring.
What is respiratory acidosis?
Described as a high-pitched sound during inspiration, caused by airway obstruction of the throat or upper airway or spasms of the airway. Heard in patients with Allergic reaction, epiglottis, and laryngitis.
Waht is Stridor?