Populations & Samples
Extending the findings from the sample under study to a larger population.
What is generalization?
A sampling method that takes advantage of social networks and the fact that friends tend to have things in common.
What is network sampling?
The process of assigning numbers or values to individuals’ health status, objects, events, or situations using a set of rules.
What is measurement?
This is concerned with how consistently we measure something.
What is reliability?
This is typically set at .05 or .01 for nursing studies.
What is the level of statistical significance?
The percentage of subjects consenting to participate in a study.
What is an acceptance rate?
A setting for research that is best described as an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment.
What is a natural setting?
Nominal-scale, ordinal-scale, interval-scale, ratio-scale
What are levels of measurement?
Stability, test-retest, equivalence, and inter-rater are what forms of this?
What are types of reliability testing?
An error that occurs when the researcher concludes that the study results are non-significant when in fact they were significant.
What is a type II error?
When every member of the population has a probability higher than zero of being selected for the sample.
What is probability sampling?
These types of settings are typically artificially constructed environments like laboratories.
What is a highly-controlled setting?
An interaction between a study’s participants and the observer(s) where the observer watches the participant perform in a specific setting.
What are observational measurements?
Comparison of two observers or judges in a study measuring the same event is known as…
What is inter-rater reliability?
These statistics are used to describe the characteristics of the sample.
What are descriptive statistics?
When subjects are included in a study because they happen to be in the right place at the right time.
What is convenience sampling?
Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling.
What are types of probability sampling?
A printed self-report form designed to elicit information through written or verbal responses of the subject.
What are questionnaires?
How is internal consistency measured in a questionnaire?
What is Cronbach alpha?
The mean, median, and mode, standard deviation, variance, percentages, and frequency distributions.
What are descriptive statistics?
This is a mathematical test used by researchers to determine how many subjects they will need in their sample.
What is power analysis?
Number of participants examined in a study.
What is sample size?
A 5 or 7 point scale that is typically used to assess the opinions or attitudes of study subjects.
What is a likert scale?
Does the questionnaire have all of the major elements that are relevant to the construct being measured?
What is content validity?
A pearsons product moment “r” is calculated for this type of research objective and design.
What is a correlational study?