Philosophy, Science, & Nursing
The study of nature of existence, knowledge, morality, reason, and human purpose
What is philosophy?
A system of interrelated propositions used to predict, explain, understand, and control a part of the empirical world
What is a theory?
May be abstract or concrete, theoretically or operationally defined
What are concepts?
The process used to create, modify, or refine a theory
What is theory development?
Which scope of theory is easier to use in practice?
What is middle-range theory?
A worldview or way of looking at a discipline and its science
What is a paradigm?
A term used to describe a phenomena that is seen or perceived
What is a concept?
The first step in the theory development process designed to explore the meaning of concepts
What is concept development
Purpose, concepts & definitions, theoretical statements, structures and linkages, assumptions, models
What are components of a theory?
A grand theory to use when patients need to learn how to manage their disease
What is Orem's self-care deficit theory
A philosophy founded on the belief that what is experienced is what exists. Knowledge is gained through observation, measurement, reductionism
What is empiricism?
Beliefs about the phenomena one must accept as true to accept a theory about the phenomena as true
What are assumptions?
Descriptive, explanatory, predictive, and prescriptive
Classification of nursing theories according to purpose
Involves evaluation of a theory's meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, generalizability, testability
What is theory evaluation?
A middle range theory that was designed to support nurses in providing culturally congruent care
What is Leininger's Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory
The ways of knowing in nursing
What are empirics, esthetics (art), personal knowledge, & ethics
A complex concept that is composed of more than one concept to fit its purpose
What is a construct?
What is person, health, environment, nursing?
Research validates and modifies theory, theory guides practice, practice shapes theory, research promotes effective practice, practice identifies problems for research
What is the relationship between theory, research, and practice?
This grand theory outlines 10 carative processes to support nurses in practicing human caring science
What is Watson's Theory of Human Caring Science?
Received view and perceived view
Philosophies of science (worldviews or paradigms) held in nursing that structure how we develop knowledge in nursing
A term used to describe whether a theory is succinct without over simplifying
What is parsimony?
Metatheory, grand theories, middle-range theories, practice theories
What are the 4 classifications of nursing theory according to scope or level of abstraction?
Theories from sociology or behavioral sciences
What are shared or borrowed theories?
Totality (biopsychosocial spiritual beings), simultaneity (unitary beings with energy systems), and humanbecoming
What are categorization of grand theories according to paradigm or worldview?