Biochemical Data
When a test only measures the substance of interest, is called:
Specificity
Difference bewtween sarcopenia and dynapenia
Sarcopenia- loss of muscle mass and strength
Dynapenia- loss of muscle strength
How many calories do you need to substract to the calorie requirements for a healthy patient who wants to lose weight?
500 kcals
How many grams of carbohydrates equal one exchange?
15 grams
About how many pounds does a pregnant woman gain in her first trimester?
What do high creatinine levels mean?
Reduced kidney function
The two PRIMARY techniques used for NFP for RDs are
Palpation and Inspection
How does fluid need change with fever?
Fluid needs increase (12% per 1 degree C)
Validated technique used to measure energy and nutrient intake that looks at food and beverages consumed the day before.
24-hour recall
_________ deficiency can lead to petechiae/purpura and bleeding gums.
Vitamin C
What 2 things do you need to measure nitrogen balance?
Intake: grams of protein consumed
Excretion: 24 h urine collection
When the skin on the back of the hand (for example) is gently pinched to form a tent and does not spring back rapidly into place when released, this is an indication of:
Dehydration
How much protein does a lactating person require?
1.1 g/kg
Food Frequency Questionnaire
How is nitrogen balance expected to be in kids and adolescents?
Positive intake > output
Why could someone have low albumin levels after a major surgery? Does it mean the patient is malnourished?
It means that the liver is prioritizing the production of other acute proteins. It is not a sign of malnutrition.
You are working with a patient who has a pressure ulcer on their right heal, the skin on the back of their hands looks like cellophane, and you note wasting at their temples. You suspect:
Protein deficiency
What would be the best formula to use for a 65-year-old patient who is critically ill and has obesity?
Modified Penn State
ROT - ok
Which technique is recommended to combine with a 24-hour recall?
Food Propensity Questionnaire
Name the two main enzymes that can help to assess liver health.
ALT and AST
What state of iron depletion would someone be in with a low ferritin, normal transferrin, and normal hemoglobin?
First stage
State one of the questions asked in the Malnutrition Screening Tool
Have you lost weight recently?
If yes, how much weight have you lost?
Have you been eating poorly because of a decreased appetite?
You have a patient in her third trimester of pregnancy. You calculate she needs 1800 kcal/day for her basal metabolism. What is the final calorie recommendation for her?
1800+452= 2252 kcal/day
List 3 things that need to be included at the food/nutrition-related history section:
1. Food and nutrient intake
2. Food and nutrient administration
3. Medications and supplements
4. Knowledge/beliefs/attitudes
5. Food/water safety
6. Physical activity
What are the 3 malnutrition clinical characteristics? How many are needed to be present to formally diagnose it?
1. Unintentional weight loss (meeting certain frames)
2. Decreased intake (depending on percentages)
3. Fat/muscle loss- mild to severe