Measures of Morbidity and Mortality
Measures of Association
Study Designs
Special Epi Applications
Statistics
100
This measure includes time in the calculation.
What is a rate?
100
This type of measure is a ratio based on the concept of probability.
What is relative risk (risk ratio)?
100
This descriptive study is sometimes also considered analytic, depending on the research question.
What is a cross-sectional study?
100
If your grandmother just had an organ transplant and wants to receive the yellow fever vaccine, you might explain to her that the vaccine is:
What is not appropriate, because the vaccine contains a live attenuated virus that could make her ill?
100
Selecting every nth subject for inclusion in my study is an example of ____ sampling.
What is systematic sampling?
200
Cumulative incidence is best expressed as:
What is a percentage?
200
If the disease of interest is rare, this measure of association can adequately estimate risk.
What is an odds ratio?
200
A 39-year old woman presents with a mild sore throat, fever, malaise, and headache. She responds favorably to chloramphenicol, after a diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is made.
What is a case report?
200
I have received a positive test for strep throat, but the PPV is only 45%, meaning:
What is only 45% of all positive tests truly have strep throat?
200
Use of non-random sampling will likely affect my study's ______ validity.
What is external validity?
300
(Number of new cases of disease or injury during specified period) / (Time each person was observed, totaled for all persons)
What is an incidence (density) rate?
300
When comparing rates, you are limited to this type of association.
What is a rate ratio?
300
This study design is suitable for rare exposures.
What is a cohort study?
300
This type of epidemic curve is indicative of person to person transmission.
What is a propagated outbreak?
300
Classification of cancer (Stages 0-IV) is an example of what kind of measurement?
What is an ordinal scale?
400
In an outbreak of gastroenteritis among 100 attendees of a corporate picnic, 30 of them developed gastroenteritis. What measure is most appropriate to use?
What is an attack rate?
400
Refers to the difference between the incidence rate of a disease in the exposed group and the incidence rate in the nonexposed group.
What is attributable risk (excess risk, or risk difference)?
400
Data on median income for households in census tracts within a large metropolitan county in the U.S. were obtained from the Census Bureau. Air pollution levels were measured in these same census tracts. The data were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce maps showing pollution and income levels by census tract.
What is an ecological study?
400
A rapid diagnostic test for HIV test is 96% sensitive, meaning:
What is 96% of all true HIV infected individuals screened are correctly identified as having the disease?
400
Pearson correlation requires a ______ independent variable and ______ dependent variable?
What is continuous and continuous?
(Ratio and/or interval is acceptable)
500
In an outbreak of gastroenteritis among attendees of a corporate picnic, 99 persons ate potato salad, 30 of whom developed gastroenteritis. What measure is most appropriate to use?
What is a food-specific attack rate?
500
What is the attributable risk (risk difference, excess risk) due to smoking, given the data above? Express your answer as a percentage rounded to the nearest tenth.
What is an excess risk of 8.1%?
The excess risk of disease associated with smoking was .0807 or 8.1%.
(As a rate) if smoking was the cause of the disease, then 8 cases per 100 people could have been eliminated if they had not engaged in this activity.
500
This form of bias is likely to affect my study's external validity.
What is selection bias?
500
The example of neighborhood walkability from class best approximates which dimension of the SDH framework?
What is neighborhood and built environment?
500
Ordinal outcomes are best assessed with _______ statistical tests.
What is non-parametric?