Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are often referred to a CHO, referring to their chemical structure of _____, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is carbon?
The building blocks of protein, ______ ______, are comprised of an R group, amino group, and carboxyl group attached to a central carbon.
What are amino acids?
Lipids provide ____ per gram.
What is 9 kcal?
This mineral is often associated with strong bones, but it also has several other functions in the body, including nerve function.
What is calcium?
This disease is considered a risk factor for other chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.
What is obesity?
Whole-grain products include the endosperm, _____, and germ components of the grain.
What is bran?
Vegetarians may choose to combine proteins from different sources so that they collectively provide all the essential amino acids needed.
What is protein complementation?
This process can create a more shelf-stable fat, often used in packaged foods.
What is hydrogenation?
B vitamins are often associated with ______ metabolism.
Edema (swelling) due to a lack of albumin in the blood is a key characteristic of this protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) related disease.
What is kwashiokor?
This type of fiber helps promote healthy gut bacteria (microbiome) and may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
What is soluble fiber?
The essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration relative to the body’s need.
Though not the body's preferred energy source, the human body can break down triglycerides into these molecules to use for energy in the absence of glucose.
What are ketones?
If less than 100 mg of a mineral is needed per day, that mineral is considered part of this categorization.
What is a trace mineral?
Hyperglycemia is diagnosed when the fasting blood glucose level passes this threshold (in mg/dl).
What is greater than or over 126 mg/dl?
The RDA for carbohydrates is set at ___ ___ per day, which is the minimum needed to prevent ketosis.
For the general public, protein needs are calculated as 0.8g per kg of body weight, but for athletes, this number increases to _____ per kg.
The human body uses cholesterol to make this fluid, which is necessary for proper digestion and absorption of dietary fat.
What is bile?
Heating food may have this effect on vitamin absorption.
What is reduced bioavailability?
This phenomenon can lead to damage at the cellular level and increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
What is oxidative stress?
Many processed/ready-to-eat foods contain added sugar that reduces nutrient density, but maintains high levels of energy, also known as this term.
What are empty calories?
If an enzyme is bound to a substrate, but no reaction occurs, the enzyme is likely missing this necessary component for the reaction to proceed.
What is a cofactor/coenzyme?
Omega-3 fatty acids are converted into these two molecules, which are often found in fish oils and used to synthesize eicosanoids in the body.
What are EPA and DHA?
Fortification of food with folic acid has helped to prevent this condition that affects newborns.
What are neural tube defects?
The biggest health concern associated with a high-protein diet is not related to any singular disease state, but rather:
What is a dietary pattern with high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol?