Carbs
We derive this many calories from one gram of carbohydrates
What is 4?
The protein found in muscle tissue, giving meat its color
What is myoglobin?
This fat is man-made and derived from unsaturated fat through a process known as hydrogenation
What is trans fat?
Vitamins are split into these two categories
What are fat soluble and water soluble?
These bonds form between water molecules when a positively charged hydrogen is attracted to a negatively charged oxygen.
What are hydrogen bonds?
These two categories of carbs are considered digestible carbohydrates
What are sugars and starches?
The type of bond formed between amino acids that makes up the primary structure of a protein
What are peptide bonds?
The three main types (not structures) of fat found in the body and in food
What are triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols?
The four fat soluble vitamins
Two ways in which water can be used as a heat medium
What is boiling and steaming?
A molecule formed when two monosacharrides are bonded together
What is a disaccharide?
The process of changing the shape of a protein without changing its primary structure
What is denaturation?
The unpleasant flavor or odor from oxidized products
What is rancidity?
The process of adding nutrients to processed food to correct a nutritional deficiency within a population
What is fortification?
The body's active process of maintaining a stable, balanced internal environment (such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels) despite changing external conditions
What is homeostasis?
The process of breaking down one large molecule, such as sugar, into smaller parts by adding water
What is hydrolysis?
A substance that must be present for an enzymatic reaction to occur
What is a coenzyme?
The temperature that the fatty acids begin to break down and produce smoke
What is smoke point?
This vitamin aids in the absorption of calcium and is often found in milk and juice products today
What is Vitamin D?
The measure of the "free" or unbound water available in a product for microbial growth, chemical reactions, and physical changes
What is water activity?
The two basic structures of starches, where there are differences in how they are digested and interact with other molceules
What is amylose and amylopectin?
An enzyme that works on breaking down the sugar lactose in dairy products
What is lactase?
Molecules made up of both lipids and proteins that help transport cholesterol throughout the body
What are lipoproteins?
The body's ability to absorb and use a nutrient in the form it is consumed.
What is bioavailability?
This substance allows a polar molecule, like water, to bond to a nonpolar molecule, like oil
What is an emulsifier?