Autotrophs/Heterotrophs
Define Autotrophs and provide an example
An organism that can produce their own food and/or energy.
-plants
-algae
-bacteria
What vascular tissue facilitates the transport of water through a plant?
Xylem
Define stomata
The stomata are tiny pores on the surface of leaves and other plant parts that regulate the exchange of gases
identify the parts of leaf structure (there are 5)
epidermis, cuticle, stomata, mesophyll and vascular bundles
What's the digestive systems.
A group of organs responsible for breaking down food into simple molecules, so they can be absorbed.
Define heterotroph and provide 2 examples.
An organism that cannot produce its own nutrients, therefore needs to consume nutrition from other sources, mainly other organisms.
-bacteria
-fungi
-animals
describe cohesion-tension and transpiration theory.
The cohesion-tension theory explains how plants move water from their roots to their leaves, a process vital for photosynthesis and cooling. Transpiration, the evaporation of water from the leaves, creates a negative pressure or tension.
Define guard cell.
Guard cells are specialized cells in leaves, stems and other organs of land plants that are used to control gas exchange.
What are the parts of a leaf? (there are 3)
epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine. True/False
True
Identify a type of animal diet and describe what they eat for nutrients.
(carnivore) - an organism that primarily eats meat or animal tissue to meet its nutritional needs.
(herbivoure-specialised and generalised) - an organism that primarily eats vegetation or plants to meet its nutritional needs.
(omnivour) - an organism that eats both plants and animals for energy and nutrients
(nectivor) - an animal that primarily that consumes nectar for nutrients
Describe source to sink theory
The source to sink theory describes a relationship where a "source" produces something, such as photosynthetic sugars in plants or population growth in ecology, and a "sink" consumes or receives it.
Which transport process underlies gas exchange?
Diffusion
What is the function of the cuticle?
The primary function of the leaf cuticle is to protect the plant from excessive water loss and external environment.
What are the two main kinds of digestion?
chemical- the process where digestive enzymes and other substances break down large, complex food molecules into smaller, absorbable units (monomers) such as amino acids, fatty acids, and simple sugars.
physical- the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces without altering the food's chemical composition, increasing its surface area for easier chemical digestion.
Identify the two main types of autotroph and describe ones process?
photoautotroph and chemoautotroph.
Photoautotrophs - use light energy through photosynthesis for nutrients
chemoautotrophs - utilize chemical energy from inorganic compounds through chemosynthesis for nutrients.
Explain the transport of viens, artieries and capillaries, in relation to the heart.
Viens - Carries blood towards heart
Artiers - Carries blood away heart
Capillaries - Carries blood between the two
What is the site of gas exchange in mammals and what organ can this site be found?
alveoli - Lungs
Describe the function of the vascular bundle.
A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in the stem, which exists in two forms: xylem (transports water) and phloem (transports sugar)
identify the main three enzymes in the digestive system.
carbohydrases - break down carbs into simple sugars
proteases - break down protien into amino acids
lipases - break down lipids into fatty acids/glycerol
True/False.
Both plants and animals require oxygen and carbon dioxide.
False (because Plants require both oxygen and carbon dioxide, but animals really only need oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a waste that we get rid of when we breathe out.)
Describe main function of plasma, red blood cells, white blood and platelets.
Plasma transports nutrients, waste products, and hormones
red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
white blood cells fight infection
platelets clot blood to stop bleeding.
Identify the organs that posses gas exchange in these three animals.
Humans -
Fish -
Insects -
Humans - lungs
Fish - gills
Insects - tracheal systems
Compare the spongy mesophyll and palisade mesophyll.
Palisade mesophyll cells are long cells tightly packed on the upper side of a leaf -maximize light absorption for photosynthesis.
Spongy mesophyll cells are irregularly shaped and loosely arranged on the lower side of the leaf, creating large air spaces that facilitate gas exchange for carbon dioxide diffusion.
What part of the digestive system is the most basic, in terms of pH?
small intestine