Carbohydrates
Glucose is the preferred fuel source for what extremely important organ?
The brain!
Fat is stored in the body as _________
Triglycerides
What is the storage form of carbohydrate in the body and where is it stored?
Glycogen; muscle and liver
Beef, cheese, coconut oil, and butter are all good sources of which category of fat?
Saturated fat
Which organ is responsible for synthesizing cholesterol in mammals?
The liver
Name two functions of water-soluble fiber
Promotes satiety
Aids in weight loss
Helps maintain glucose homeostasis
Binds and lowers blood cholesterol
What property of fat affects how it's digested, absorbed, and metabolized?
Fat's insolubility in water
Is the body able to store protein for later use?
No (excess protein is converted to and stored as fat)
Fruit, oatmeal, and beans are a good source of which type of dietary fiber?
Water-soluble fiber
When consumed in excess, carbohydrates and protein are converted into what?
Fat, fatty acids, triglycerides
What is the daily value for carbohydrates?
275 grams/day
Which lipoprotein transfers food fat from the intestines to the rest of the body?
Chylomicron
During an extended fast, what happens to nitrogen levels in the urine?
Increase
Salmon, nuts, and flaxseed oil are good food sources of what type of fat?
Omega-3 fatty acids
What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Type 1 diabetes is a health condition that results in the inadequate production of what hormone and where is this hormone produced?
Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas
SPECIAL PRIZE QUESTION
What process transforms unsaturated fats into a solid fat?
Hydrogenation
What happens to nutrients directly after a meal?
Energy nutrients are put in storage
Whole-grains, vegetables, and beans are a good source of which type of dietary fiber?
water-insoluble fiber
What substance synthesized from cholesterol helps to emulsify fat in the small intestine?
Bile
Where does chemical digestion for carbohydrates begin, and what is the name of the enzyme that begins this chemical breakdown?
The mouth, with salivary amylase
Prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances in the immune system, are made from which two essential fatty acids?
Linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids
At rest, approximately how long do glycogen stores last?
About 1 to 1.5 days
Up until 2018, in the U.S. margarine and shortening all used to contain what type of fat?
Trans fat
In an individual with type 2 diabetes, what is a strategy that may improve insulin sensitivity?
Exercise/physical activity