Blood & Health Heroes
Week 11
Week 11
This protein in red blood cells grabs oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to every cell in the body.
What is hemoglobin?
This is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane toward the side with more solutes.
Osmosis
Bone cells that are responsible for building bone tissue are called:
Osteoblasts
The main job of B-complex vitamins is to act in this role inside enzymes.
What are coenzymes?
This mineral makes up 99% of what is stored in bones and is also critical for muscle contraction and blood clotting.
What is calcium?
This mineral is the key component of hemoglobin; heme form (from meat) is absorbed much better than non-heme form.
What is iron?
A solution with higher solute concentration outside the cell that causes red blood cells to shrink.
What is hypertonic?
This is the living, two-step recycling process in which old bone is broken down and new bone is built.
What is bone remodeling?
This B vitamin deficiency causes beriberi and is common in people who eat mostly white rice or drink heavily.
What is thiamin (B1)?
True or False: Severe iron deficiency causes microcytic (small, pale) anemia while folate/B12 deficiency causes macrocytic (large) anemia.
What is True?
Pairing spinach or beans with tomatoes or citrus dramatically boosts absorption of this type of iron.
What is non-heme iron? (or vitamin C)
This electrolyte is the main one outside cells; too much water intake can dangerously dilute it (hyponatremia).
What is sodium?
These bone-building cells are nicknamed the “construction crew.
What are osteoblasts?
Light destroys this B vitamin, which is why milk cartons are never clear.
What is riboflavin (B2)?
This vitamin activates clotting factors and is produced in small amounts by your gut bacteria.
What is vitamin K?
Deficiency of this vitamin or vitamin B12 causes large, immature red blood cells (megaloblastic anemia).
What is folate?
This mineral AI is 1,500mg per day
What is sodium
This vitamin dramatically increases calcium absorption in the intestines.
What is vitamin D?
Your body can make this B vitamin from the amino acid tryptophan; its deficiency causes the “3 Ds.”
What is niacin (B3)?
Niacin (60mg tryptophan > 1 mg niacin
The most abundant mineral in the body; peak bone mass is usually reached around age 25–30.
What is calcium?
Lack of intrinsic factor from the stomach causes this specific type of anemia plus nerve damage.
What is pernicious anemia? (or vitamin B12 deficiency)
True or False: Thirst is a reliable early sign of dehydration for athletes and elderly people.
What is False? (it is a lagging indicator)
The crystal that gives bone its hardness is made of calcium and this other mineral.
What is phosphorus? (hydroxyapatite)
This trace mineral enhances insulin action; whole grains and nuts are good sources.
What is chromium?
True or False: Non-heme iron is absorbed better than heme iron.
What is False? (heme iron is absorbed much better)