Pregnancy
How long is breastfeeding recommended?
1 year old
What are the first nutrients infants need?
Fe, then vit C
List 3 good habits in preparation for a healthy pregnancy
- achieve & maintain healthy body weight
- choose an adequate & balanced diet
- be physically active
- receive regular medical care
- avoid harmful influences
When do females begin their adolescent growth spurt? When do males begin theirs?
females: 10-11 years old
males: 12-13 years old
How many kcal should a 1-year-old consume daily?
800 kcal
Strategies for heartburn
relax, eat slowly, chew food thoroughly, eat small & frq meals, drink liquids between meals, avoid spicy/greasy foods, sit up while eating, wait 2 hrs before exercising after eating
doubles @ 5 months
triples by 12 months
Protein RDA for pregnancy
25 g/day (supports fetal growth)
List 3 strategies for constipation
eat foods high in fiber, exercise, drink 8 glasses of liquids, don't wait to defecate, use laxatives as prescribed, avoid mineral oil
which of the following is a characteristic of Fe deficiency in children?
a. rarely develops in children with high milk intake
b. impacts brain function as anemia develops
c. primarily factor in HTN
d. deficiency is difficult to test using standard blood tests
b. impacts brain function as anemia develops
Kcal for 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters
1st: no caloric increase needed
2nd: +240 kcal/day
3rd: +450 kcal/day
What are contraindications of breastfeeding?
alcohol, tocacco, excessive caffeine, many meds, HIV, illicit drugs, active TB infection
List 3 complications that pre-existing diabetes can cause for the mother/baby
mom: insulin-induced hypoglycemia
infant: large, physical & mental abnormalities, hypoglycemia & resp. distress (FATAL)
What deficiency is th emost common cause of preventalbe mental retardation?
iodine
Which of the following are characteristics of malnourishment (SATA)
a. Pale membranes in eyes
b. Decreased respiratory rate
c. Less deposits of subcutaneous fat
d. Decaying or discolored teeth
A, C, D
by week 8: complete CNS, beating heart, fully formed digestive system, fingers, and toes
by week 14: complete heart and brain
List 3 things breast milk is composed of
protein (easily digested, absorbed and easy on infant's immature kidneys)
lipids (high in essential FA)
minerals (low in Na, easily absorbed Ca, Fe, Zn)
Oligosaccharides (protect by preventing the binding of pathogens to infant's intestinal cells)
Which vitamin prevents neural tube defects?
B9 (folate) - spinal bifida/anencephaly
List 2 examples of Fe rich foods for children
pb+j, beans/nuts, dried peaches, raisins, red meat
List 3 strategies to help manage childhood obesity
- Parents model good eating habits
- Do not use food as a reward
- Regularly scheduled meals and snacks
- Screen time less than 2hr/day
- Physical activity at least 60min/day
Why is iron deficiency anemia common in pregnancy, and how do you treat it?
baby's iron stores are prioritized over the mom's
- INC absorption of Ca and Fe, eat/take them at different times
- to prevent: daily iron supplement during pregnancy & before if possible, choose foods that supply heme iron, select iron-ritch sources of foods, consume foods that enhance iron absorption
List 4 feeding considerations for babies 4 months - 1 year old
introduce 1 food at a time (check for allergies), after cereals, add veggies & fruits, then meats, limit juice to 4-6 oz/day (diluted & in a cup), no sweets/desserts, no honey/corn syrup (botulism), cut things up small (grapes)
wait to introduce wheat cereal last (after 1 yr esp. if family hx of allergeis)
what does nutritional deprivation of mother reduce?
quanitiy
Appropriate wt gain in pregnancy for different BMIs (underweight, overweight, normal, obese)
underweight: 28-40 lbs
normal: 25-35 lbs
overweight: 15-25 lbs
obese: 11-20 lbs
Adequate intakes of _______ may help reduce the risk of a child developing lead toxicity
Fe and Ca