Nutrition and Metabolism
What is Nutrition?
Nutrition is the study of food, how it affects the human body and influences health and metabolism— specifically how the body metabolizes food for energy.
Adequate nutrition is needed for wellness.
What are Proteins?
Complex molecules made up of amino acids. They are essential for growth and repair.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the body.
What is Cholesterol?
Non essential wax like substance needed for formation of cell membranes- vitamins d, estrogen and testosterone. It is synthesized in the liver and found in animal foods
What are micronutrients?
Needed only in small amounts and regulate body functions with vitamins and minerals.
What is Metabolism?
Metabolism encompasses all the ways in which the body changes and uses nutrients.
What are the functions of Protein?
Tissue building, metabolism, immune system function, fluid balance, acid-base balance and secondary energy source.
What are the Monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides- simple sugars that consist of a single unit
Glucose, Sucrose and Galactose
What are LDL’s?
Low density Lipoproteins are bad cholesterol. They transport cholesterol to body cells. They can result in fatty deposits on vessel walls which can cause cardiovascular disease.
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A D E K
(All dogs eat kibble)
What are two types of metabolic reactions?
Anabolism- involves the formation of larger molecules from smaller ones.
Catabolism- involves the breakdown of larger moldecules into smaller components.
What are Essential Amino Acids?
Essential amino acids are significant in our diets because they body cannot manufacture them. They must be supplied by food or nutritional supplements.
What are the types of Fiber?
Soluble - disolves in water and helps remove excess cholesterol
Insoluble - does not disolve in water, creates bulk for elimination. Helps with satiety.
What are HDL’s?
High density lipoproteins are good cholesterol. They remove cholesterol from the blood stream and return it to the liver where it is used to produce bile.
Why are vitamins important?
Vitamins are organic substances that are necessary for metabolism or preventing a particular deficiency disease. Because the body cannot make vitamins they must be supplied in the foods we eat. They are critical in building and maintaining body tissues, supporting our immune system so we can fight disease ensuring healthy vision. They help our bodies break down and use the energy found in carbs, proteins and lipids. They are critical during rapid growth pregnancy laceration and healing. Evidence supports the claim that some can prevent chronic illness.
What is the Microbiome?
The small and large intestine where bacteria live and help with digestion
What are Complete Proteins?
Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids necessary for protein synthesis.
They usually come from animal sources.
What are the types of Carbohydrates?
Simple Carbohydrates - sugar, honey
Complex Carbohydrates - fiber, polysaccharides
What are the 4 types of fat acids?
Polyunsaturated- not completely filled with all the hydrogen it can hold. liquid at room temp
Monounsaturated - only 1 hydrogen bond is missing
Saturated- every carbon atom is fully bound to hydrogen. Solid at room temp Made up of mostly animal fats.
Trans fatty acids- saturated fats created when food manufacturers add hero gen to polyunsaturated plant oils such as corn oil to break down the double carbon bonds and straighten out the molecules. They are found in many margarines and other processed foods containing hydrogenated vegetable oils.
Water soluble vitamins consist of?
Vitamin C & B complex.
What substance is essential for all the functions of digestion and metabolism?
Water
What are Incomplete Proteins?
Incomplete proteins (nuts grains) do not provide all of the essential amino acids. However by combining two incomplete proteins a complete protein can be made.
What is the recommended percentage intake of carbohydrates?
50% of the total calories should come from carbohydrates
What are types of essential and nonessential fatty acids?
Linoleic acid (omega 6) and alpha Linolenic acid (omega 3) help protect against heart disease.
Omega 6 are found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds.
Omega 3 are found in fatty fish (tuna shellfish) twice a week.
What are minerals?