Monogastrics
List 3 monogastric animals
Pig, Poultry, Rabbits, Cats, Dogs
How is food moved down the oesophagus?
Peristalsis
List 3 carbohydrate concentrates
Maize, oat, wheat, sorghum, barley
What vitamins are synthesized by ruminants?
A, B, and K
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What is produced by the liver?
Bile
List the 4 chambers of the ruminant's stomach in order
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
What are the six major constituents of food?
Protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and water.
What is the role of calcium in the diet?
Formation of strong shells, bones and teeth
What are proteins used for?
Muscles growth, eggs, wool, milk
In the avian digestive system, where is feed stored prior to digestion?
The crop
What occurs in the rumen?
Fermentation of feed and then regurgitation
What are meat meal, soybeans, cottonseed meal, and lucerne hay all high in?
Protein
What is the role of iron in the diet?
What are 2 things that need to be considered when formulating a ration?
- The age of the animal (younger animals have a higher energy requirement)
- The climate and weather (cold increases intake to remain warm)
- Disease or stress
- The level or stage of production (young animals require more protein and energy and lactating animals have a higher energy requirement because they are feeding themselves, as well as producing milk)
- The cost to produce the ration and the nutritional level of the food constituents
What is the function of the gizzard?
Mechanical digestion - grinds the food to a fine consistency with the aid of fine stones
What are 2 advantages of ruminant digestion?
They can make their own proteins
They can breakdown cellulose into energy
They can synthesize some of their own vitamins (A, B, and K)
Why are hay and grain fed in the winter months?
• The animals have a greater demand for energy in order to keep warm.
• The pasture growth decrease during Winter and supplementary feeding may be required to maintain weights or maintain growth rates.
Why do intensively housed broiler chickens need additional minerals?
They have less access to the outdoors where they can get nutrients from foraging
What is a Feed Conversion Ratio and why is it important?
A measure of the efficiency at which an animal uses its food to create product.
The lower the FCR, the more efficient the animal is at converting food to product
What is the function of the proventriculus?
It is the true stomach of the chicken and produces gastric juices and enzymes to assist in the process of digestion.
What is Hardware's disease and how can it be prevented?
When ruminants consume non-digestible material, and it gets trapped in their reticulum sometimes puncturing the wall.
This can be prevented by managing litter and scrap metal around the paddocks
What is the difference between a maintenance ration and a production ration? When would you feed a production ration?
Maintenance: Amount of food an animal requires to keep it in a healthy state and maintain its body weight
Production: Amount of feed an animal requires to produce a product, such as eggs, milk and meat. Normally higher in protein and carbohydrate
Production fed to lactating cows, growing young, or egg laying chickens
What is phosphorus necessary for and how can we supply it to the animals?
Fertility and strong bones
Phosphorus lick blocks when the soil is deficient
What is the difference between a ration and a diet?
Ration- is the different quantities/proportions of food that an animal eats.
Diet- is the different types of food an animal eats.