Monogastrics
Ruminants
Feed stuffs
Vitamins/ Minerals
Misc.
100

List 3 monogastric animals

Pig, Poultry, Rabbits, Cats, Dogs

100

How is food moved down the oesophagus?

Peristalsis 

100

List 3 carbohydrate concentrates

Maize, oat, wheat, sorghum, barley

100

What vitamins are synthesized by ruminants?

A, B, and K

100

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids 

200

What is produced by the liver?

Bile

200

List the 4 chambers of the ruminant's stomach in order 

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

200

What are the six major constituents of food?

Protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and water.

200

What is the role of calcium in the diet?

Formation of strong shells, bones and teeth

200

What are proteins used for?

Muscles growth, eggs, wool, milk

300

In the avian digestive system, where is feed stored prior to digestion?

The crop

300

What occurs in the rumen?

Fermentation of feed and then regurgitation

300

What are meat meal, soybeans, cottonseed meal, and lucerne hay all high in?

Protein

300

What is the role of iron in the diet?

Helps form red blood cells which carry oxygen 
300

What are 2 things that need to be considered when formulating a ration?

- The age of the animal (younger animals have a higher energy requirement)

- The climate and weather (cold increases intake to remain warm)

- Disease or stress 

- The level or stage of production (young animals require more protein and energy and lactating animals have a higher energy requirement because they are feeding themselves, as well as producing milk)

- The cost to produce the ration and the nutritional level of the food constituents

400

What is the function of the gizzard?

Mechanical digestion - grinds the food to a fine consistency with the aid of fine stones

400

What are 2 advantages of ruminant digestion?

They can make their own proteins

They can breakdown cellulose into energy

They can synthesize some of their own vitamins (A, B, and K)

400

Why are hay and grain fed in the winter months?

•    The animals have a greater demand for energy in order to keep warm.

•    The pasture growth decrease during Winter and supplementary feeding may be required to maintain weights or maintain growth rates.


400

Why do intensively housed broiler chickens need additional minerals?

They have less access to the outdoors where they can get nutrients from foraging 

400

What is a Feed Conversion Ratio and why is it important?

A measure of the efficiency at which an animal uses its food to create product. 

The lower the FCR, the more efficient the animal is at converting food to product

500

What is the function of the proventriculus?

It is the true stomach of the chicken and produces gastric juices and enzymes to assist in the process of digestion.

500

What is Hardware's disease and how can it be prevented?

When ruminants consume non-digestible material, and it gets trapped in their reticulum sometimes puncturing the wall. 

This can be prevented by managing litter and scrap metal around the paddocks

500

What is the difference between a maintenance ration and a production ration? When would you feed a production ration?

Maintenance: Amount of food an animal requires to keep it in a healthy state and maintain its body weight

Production: Amount of feed an animal requires to produce a product, such as eggs, milk and meat. Normally higher in protein and carbohydrate

Production fed to lactating cows, growing young, or egg laying chickens

500

What is phosphorus necessary for and how can we supply it to the animals?

Fertility and strong bones

Phosphorus lick blocks when the soil is deficient 

500

What is the difference between a ration and a diet?

Ration- is the different quantities/proportions of food that an animal eats.

Diet- is the different types of food an animal eats.