Nutrition and Digestion/Disorders

1)Nutrition and Digestion

100

the act of eating or drinking

What is ingestion

200

process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb into its cells

What is Digestion

300

chops and grinds food into smaller pieces to increase surface area (to make chemical digestion more effective)

What is Mechanical

400

breaking the chemical bonds in the large molecules that makeup food to produce smaller molecules

What is Chemical

500

-specific cells in the digestive system take up (absorb) the small molecules from digested food -The circulatory system then transports these throughout the body

What is Absorption

2)Nutrition and Digestion

100

-when undigested material passes out of the body -THIS IS NOT EXCRETION

What is elimination

200

-one way tube in which digestion occurs -Approximately 9 meters long

What is Alimentary Canal

300

-Mechanical digestion of food by the teeth -chemical digestion of carbohydrates by salivary amylase in saliva -saliva helps to moisten food to make it easier to swallow -saliva also helps to kill some bacteria

What is Mouth

400

-where epiglottis covers the trachea where you swallow food to keep it from entering the lungs -Tongue pushes chewed food (bolus) down the throat

What is Pharynx

500

-Muscular tube connecting throat to the stomach -No digestion occurs here -Peristalsis-muscular contractions that push food through this (also occurs in the intestines)

What is Esophagus

3)Nutrition and Digestion

100

-chemical digestion by gastric juice (HCI and pepsin) -HCi makes the environment very acidic (pH2); this is protected with a mucous lining -Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids -Churning-mechanical digestion due to muscular contractions of this -Chyme is the mixture of digested material and gastric juice that will enter the small intestine -Circular muscles at the entrance and exit of the stomach regulates food coming in and out

What is stomach

200

-6 meters long and 2.5 cm wide -all digestion is completed here -Emulsification- mechanical digestion by fates by bile from the gall bladder -Pancreatic juice also helps neutralize the acidic chyme from the stomach.

What is small intestine

300

-1.5 meters long and 5 cm wide -no digestion occurs here - water is reabsorbed -feces-undigested food and other wastes that are eliminated -bacteria here produce some vitamins for us -Appendix- vestigial organ that has no function

What is large intestine

400

-produce and secrete saliva into the mouth -contains salivary amylase that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

What is salivary glands

500

-produces bile -bile helps to emulisify lipids

What is liver

4)Nutrition and Digestion/Disorders

100

-stores bile -secretes bile into the small intestine

What is gallbladder

200

-produces and secretes this juice into the small intestine -this juice contains enzymes to finish the chemical digestion of all nutrients

What is pancreas

300

Mouth/Esophoagus-7.5 sec Stomach-4 Hours Small Intestine- 5.5 Hours Large Intesting- 18 Hours

What is Time for digestion to occur

400

-open sore in the stomach or intestinal lining -Acid eats through the lining -Sometimes cause bacteria -Symptoms include abdominal pain and vomiting blood -Treatments include medication, reducing stress and avoiding acidic foods/drinks

What is Ulcer

500

-Not enough water is absorbed from the feces -Caused by bacteria, viruses and food intolerance -Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and dehydration -Can be treated with medication -if it is bacterial infection, antibiotics can be given -fluids must be replenished so dehydration does not occur

What is Diarrhea

5)Nutrition and Digestion/Disorders

100

-When too much water has been reabsorbed from the feces -Caused by not eating enough fiber, not drinking enough liquids and lack of exercise -Symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating -Can be treated by taking laxatives -Can be prevented by eating enough fiber and drinking water

What is Constipation

200

-Excessive tissue growth in the large intestine -Can be caused by smoking, excessive drinking, eating fatty foods, and not eating enough fiber -Risk of developing increases for those with a family history of this -Symptoms include bleeding and constipation and/or diarrhea on a regular basis -Treatments include surgery to remove tumor and then radiation/chemotherapy -Prevention includes eating fruits/vegetables high in fiber and not smoking or drinking excessively

What is Colon Cancer

300

-hardening of the bile that is stored in the gall bladder -caused include obesity, rapid weight loss, poor diet -risk increases for those with a family history and those over the age of 40 -symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea and indigestion -treatments include medications to dissolve stones, surgery to remove them and/or using shock waves to break up the stones

What is Gallstones

400

-Inflammation of the appendix -usually caused by blockage of the appendix by feces -symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, low fever and loss of appetite -Surgery will be done as soon as possible to remove the appendix

What is Appendicitis

500

-diet lacking in one or more of the essential nutrients -Common in third world countries

What is Malnutrition