Simple Carbohydrates
What is the primary source of energy for our cells?
Glucose
How many sugars make up a polysaccharide?
10
What cells in our body store excess fat?
adipose
Which organ secretes the hormones associated with maintaining your glucose levels?
Which type of diabetes is more common?
type 2
How can a person maintain their weight?
calorie intake = calorie output
Which monosaccharide is called the "fruit" sugar?
What is one thing that plants and animals use complex carbohydrates for?
energy and structural components
Which enzyme secreted from our salivary glands breaks down starch?
amylase
insulin and glucagon
What enzyme is missing when someone is lactose intolerant?
lactase
Added sugars are considered this type of calorie.
empty
Which disaccharide is called the "milk" sugar?
Lactose
Which polysaccharide do plants store energy in form of?
starch
fiber
Which hormone is secreted when your blood sugar level is high?
What is the normal fasting blood glucose level?
70-120 mg/dL
What types of hidden fats are starches and sugars often combined with?
Sucrose is also known as ____________ sugar.
table
Which organ in our body stores excess glucose in form of glycogen?
liver
What 2 places are amylase secreted from?
salivary glands & pancreas
Which hormone is secreted when your blood sugar level is low?
What are 2 signs or symptoms of metabolic syndrome?
large waist circumference, hypertension, chronically elevated fasting blood fats, low fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high fasting blood glucose
hemorrhoids
What disaccharide is sucralose made from?
sucrose
Which polysaccharide do animals store energy in the form of?
glycogen
Name one food that is considered high in fiber.
raw fruit, carrots, whole grain, beans, bran, oatmeal
If the liver cannot store any more glycogen, what will excess glucose be converted into?
fat
What are 2 symptoms of hyperglycemia?
excessive thirst, freq. urination, blurred vision, high blood sugar
What is the RDA for carbohydrates for an average adult?
130g
What is another name for glucose
blood sugar or dextrose
Which type of fiber reduces your risk of high cholesterol?
soluble
What vein transports absorbed sugars to the liver?
hepatic portal vein
What are formed in your blood when you break down fat incompletely due to low glucose levels?
ketones
Type 1 diabetes is considered what type of disease?
autoimmune
Give 2 symptoms of lactose intolerance.
gas, bloating, diarrhea
From what plant can fructose be made from?
corn
Give an example of a food that is high in soluble fiber?
carrots, apples, oats, bran
Which type of fiber helps ease bowel movements?
insoluble
beta
Name 2 foods with high glycosidic indexes.
potatoes, white breads/rice
16g