Nutrition & Electrolyte Balance

Key Terms

100

Refers to the food that we eat and the nutrients they contain. Balance requires carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Nutrition

200

The method in which the body uses nutrients after they have been digested, absorbed, and transported into cells

Metabolism

300

The process that builds nutrient molecules and combines smaller molecules into complex chemical compounds

Anabolism

400

Chemical reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules, supplying the body with energy to do work

Catabolism

500

Occurs when nutrient molecules enter cells and undergo various chemical changes

Assimilation

Electrolyte terms and values

100

Electrolyte serum level of... 3.5 mEq/L - 5.1 mEq/L

Hint: ___kalemia

Potassium

200

Electrolyte serum level of... 136 mEq/L - 145 mEq/L

Hint: ___natremia

Sodium

300

Electrolyte serum level of... 8.4 mg/dL - 10.5 mg/dL

Hint: ___calcemia

Calcium

400

An abnormal spasm of facial muscles triggered by light taps on the cheek to stimulate the facial nerve (CN VII), often seen in hypocalcemic patients

Chvostek sign

500

Males will have about an average of 60% of their body mass composed of water, females will have an average of 50% of their body composed of water. This is known as what?

Body fluid volumes

Fluids

100

The body is thought to be separated into 2 different spaces regarding fluid

Intracellular & Extracellular

200

Extracellular fluid consists mainly of the liquid part of whole blood called plasma, and the ________ _____ that surrounds the cells

Interstitial fluid

300

Water vapor from exhaling, sweating, urinating, and water loss in stool are factors that result in what?

Routes of fluid loss from the body

400

The effect of an increase in capillary blood pressure is used to transfer fluid from blood and interstitial fluid volumes. It changes blood and interstitial fluid volumes

Fluid shift

500

Capillary blood pressure pushes fluid out of the blood and into the IF, it is known as what type of force?

Water-pushing force

Metabolism

100

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins form the bulk of our diet and are called...

Macronutrients

200

Protein compounds that are produced by liver cells; such as albumin, prothrombin, and fibrinogen.

Plasma proteins

300

Vitamins and minerals are only required in small quantities in our body, therefore they are considered...

Micronutrients

400

Breaking down of glycogen to release glucose molecules to make ATP. AKA glucose catabolism

Glycogenolysis

500

Consists of a series of reactions that join glucose molecules together to form glycogen (animal starch). AKA glucose anabolism

Glycogenesis

Hormones

100

Promotes water reabsorption from the kidney tubule back into the blood, reducing water output from the body

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

200

Helps regulate carbohydrate metabolism by accelerating glucose transport through cell membranes

Insulin

300

Increases sodium reabsorption from the kidney tubules while also increasing water reabsorption, because water follows sodium

Aldosterone Hormone

400

Released when blood volume is higher than normal, stimulating the promotion of sodium to be loss from the blood into the kidney tubules

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)

500

Hormones, neurotransmitters, emotions, environmental cues, food sensations, habits, and more all affect what area of the diencephalon in the hypothalamus

Appetite & Satiety center