The Human Body
The liver makes it and the gallbladder stores it. What digestive fluid helps with the emulsification of fats?
Bile
What hormone is released after a meal to help lower blood sugar?
Insulin
Name two water-soluble vitamins
vitamin C and the B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12)
What is the most common vitamin deficiency in the United States?
Vitamin D
What state am I from?
Kentucky
Which of the macronutrients has the highest satiety value, due to its complex digestion process, hormonal response, and thermic effect?
Protein
Which organ performs about 90% of all nutrient and water absorption?
Small intestine
Overconsumption of which of the following nutrients has the greatest potential for toxicity: vitamin D, vitamin C, Vitamin B6?
vitamin D
What is the most common mineral deficiency in the United States?
Iron
What state is my wife from?
Indiana
Hypothalamus
What disorder interferes with normal colon function, can be caused by stress, includes abdominal cramps and bloating, and is more common in women than in men?
NSF and USP are examples of organizations that provide what service?
Third-Party Supplement Testing
A deficiency in vitamin C can lead to what disease? Argh.
Scurvy
What painful sores in the stomach lining are commonly caused by a H. pylori infection?
Ulcers
Semaglutides contain what receptor agonist hormone?
GLP-1
On average, what percentage of body weight can adults expect to lose after one year of taking modern prescription weight-loss medications (such as semaglutides like Wegovy)?
a. 0-5%
b. 5-10%
c. 15-20%
d. 25-30%
c. 15-20%
What form of iron is absorbed the most efficiently?
Heme iron (from animals)
Which fat-soluble vitamin is essential for vision? Without enough of this vitamin, you might become nightblind.
Vitamin A
When chyme is moving from the stomach to the small intestine, it has a very low pH (high acidity). To help neutralize this the body secretes bicarbonate from what organ?
Pancreas
What is the recommended strategy for introducing common food allergens to infants to help reduce their risk of developing food allergies?
As early as possible (i.e., 4-6 months) in as natural a way as possible (i.e., no additives)
What is the name for the type of enzyme that helps digest fats?
Lipase
Osteoporosis is most strongly associated with deficiencies in what two micronutrients? Hint: one is a vitamin and one is a mineral
Calcium and Vitamin D
What is the recommended daily intake of sodium for adults according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
<2,300 mg
Tirzepatides differ from semaglutides in that they not only include GLP-1 receptor agonists, but also receptor agonists for what other hormone?
GIP
What protein that is a part of gastric juice is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12?
Intrinsic factor
Whereas water-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the portal vein, fat-soluble nutrients must enter the bloodstream by what type of vessel?
Lymphatic Vessels
What vitamin is often absorbed better in supplement form than from its whole food form?
Newborns receive an injection of what vitamin at birth to help their blood clot?
Vitamin K
What was my wife's major in undergrad?
Exercise Science