Lipids overall
these are the three types of lipids
triglycerides,phospholipids, sterols
Make up of triglycerides
1 glycerol molecule
3 fatty acid molecules
Less than six carbon atoms
Short chain fatty acid
Makeup of a phospholipid
Glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, phosphate
These increase blood cholesterol
Highly saturated fat and trans fat
This is the definition of lipids
Large and diverse group of molecules that are insoluble in water
The ways in which triglycerides vary
Carbon chain length
saturation level
shape
Six to twelve carbon atoms
Medium chain fatty acids
How phospholipids react in water
Soluble
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
These are the blood lipids
Chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins
This is the acceptable macro range for fats
29-35%
How triglycerides are classified
Type of fatty acids attached to glycerol
fourteen or more carbon atoms
Long chain fatty acids
Make up of sterols
Multiple rings of carbon atoms
The types of cancers thought to have a relationship with fat intake
Breast, colon, prostate
These are good sources of fats
Fish, walnuts, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds, flaxseed
Why hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fatty acids
Hydrogenation: create trans fatty acids, reduce oxidation, resist rancidity, make oils more solid and saturated
Hydrogen atom arrangements at unsaturation
Cis: same side of carbon chain
Trans: opposite sides of the chain
Where cholesterol is found in the world and in the body
Animal based foods, cells mostly in the liver
These fatty acids reduce inflammation and blood triglycerides
Omega 3
This is the recommendations of the DRI for fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
LA: 5-10% energy
ALA: 0.6-1.2% of energy
Alpha linolenic acid is a precursor to these omega-3 fatty acids
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid
TRIPLE PLAY
Three types of saturation
Saturation: hydrogen atoms surrounding every carbon in chain
monounsaturated: lack one hydrogen atom aka one double bond
polyunsaturated: more than one double bond
How phospholipids aid the body
Assist fat transport to bloodstream, combine with bile salts and electrolytes to make bile (lecithins)
This is is the leading cause of death in the US
Cardiovascular disease