Unit 1
Nutrients that are required in the diet and cannot be made by the body.
What are essential nutrients?
< 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
>/= 30 Obese
What are BMI Ranges
Breastmilk or Iron-fortified formula only for the first 6 months, followed by the introduction of complementary foods. NO cow's milk until age 1.
What are the feeding recommendations for infants (0-12 months)
What are pureed foods.
A key player in the prevention of malnutrition.
What is the immune system.
4 x # of grams
9 x # of grams
4 x # of grams
What is the calorie content of Carbohydrates, Fats, & Protein
Increased Potassium & Decreased Sodium
Minerals helpful in controlling BP
Honey
Spherical (round) foods
Hard or crunchy foods
What are foods to avoid in infancy.
Wheat, rye, & Barley
What are gluten-containing foods?
Decreased energy, retained CO2, early satiety, difficulty with meal prep/shopping, and potential malnourishment.
What is COPD.
20-35%
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Density Range (AMDR) of Fats?
Central fat associated with health risks including cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
What is visceral fat.
Candidates for Parenteral Nutrition
Severe GI Bleeding
Severe malabsorption
Paralytic ileus
Short Bowel Syndrome
Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols
What are FODMAPs - helpful in those with IBS.
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, olive oil, good for the heart and good for the brain.
What is the mediterranian diet.
Decreases blood glucose and Increases blood glucose
What are Insulin and Glucagon?
Neural tube defect prevention.
What is adequate folate.
Initiates an immune response, whereas this does not.
Food allergy vs. Food intolerance.
Peppermint, chocolate, lying down soon after eating, tight clothing, overdistending the stomach.
What are foods/activities that worsen GER (gastroesophageal reflux)?
Goal = decreasing workload on the heart through dietary interventions including sodium and fluid restriction.
What is Heart Failure.
Fiber
ORANGE fruit/veg, Fortified milk, butter, liver, egg yolks, fatty fish, broccoli, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, spinach
What are sources of Beta Carotene and Vitamin A.
Longer recovery times, delayed healing, increased cost, longer hospital stays, increased risk of death.
What is malnourishment in hospitalized patients.
Fluctuations in insulin needs based on illness.
What is diabetes sick day management?
N/V, acute sensitivity to light or sound; severe headaches; vasospasm; and visual disturbances, Egg whites & cow's milk