energy balance
weight maintenance should include ____ weight loss and be maintained for ____ months
5-10% weight loss maintained for 6 months
causes of obesity are "" because
multifactorial
etiological factors: physiology, genetic heredity, physical (built) environment, social influence, governmental, economic, societal forces, and environmental cues
what nutrient does it lack
immune factors, colostrum, energy dense (lipids)
vitamin D
food should NEVER be used as
a reward or punishment
waist circumference cut points & BMI cut points
WC W: 35in
WC M: 40in
BMI: UW: <18.5, NW: 18.5-24.9, OW: 25-29.9, O: >30
what are the three components of energy expenditure
basal metabolic rate: 50-65%
physical activity: 25-50%
thermic effect of food: 5-10%
what is the main intervention for hypertension (with a description)
DASH eating pattern
- rich in low-fat dairy products
- high in fruits an vegetables
- low in saturated fat and cholesterol (vegetarian protein sources)
2nd trial limited sodium below DRI to 1500mg
what is the single most potent factor of a baby's health
its infant birth weight
foods that are high in what mineral are typically introduced first
iron (iron fortified cereals)
mike's total energy intake is 2235kcal if he follows DRI what is the highest amount of sat fat that he should consume daily. His cholesterol is still at 150mg/dl how much muscle the further reduce his intake to & what would this max amount be?
2235X.10X1/9kcal =24.833 kcal 24.8g sat fat
2235X0.06X1/9kcal=14.9 kcal 14.9g sat fat
explain the difference between appetite and hunger
hunger: physiological need for food
appetite: learned motivation from sensory influences
CVD involves what process? What is the most common disease called? What are the two dietary components we talked about with CVD risk
Inflammation
Atherosclerosis (buildup of plaque on artery walls)- a silent killer
Soluble fiber & saturated fat
what are the common challenges during pregnancy and a strategy to cope with each (3)
nausea: avoid cooking odors
constipation: high fiber high water
heartburn: avoid laying down after eating
list the common allergens
milk, soy, egg, fish, shellfish, wheat, tree nuts, peanuts, sesame
calculate protein needs:
Pre-pregnancy Weight: 140 lbs (63.5 kg)
63.5X0.8=50.8+25=75.8g of protein
explain the difference between satiation and satiety
satiation: perception of fullness that builds throughout a meal
satiety: perception of fullness that lingers after meals
list and describe the 4 types of obesity we discussed
type 1: adolescent ages, too little production of insulin
type 2: more prevalent and due to insulin resistance
pre diabetes: 100-125 (not quite at abnormal range)
gestational diabetes: develops during pregnancy
list the nutrients of concern
folate, vitamin B12, choline, vitamin D, calcium (2x), iron (3x), zinc
what vitamin absorption INCREASES with age?
energy needs generally decrease as we age but our nutrient needs do not
Vitamin A
Hypertensive cut points: classify the following blood pressure readings:
115/75
128/76
139/92
115/75: normal
128/76: elevated
139/92: stage 2
physical activity as a strategy for successful weight loss can result in improving someone's overall fitness as it....
improves cardiovascular function, improves dyslipidemia, increases HDL levels, lowers blood pressure, lowers mortality rate (REGARDLESS OF WEIGHT LOSS)
define metabolic syndrome and the factors it includes
a cluster of risk factors that increase risk of CVD
central obesity (based on waist circumference)
high triglycerides (>150mg/dl)
low HDL (<40mg/dl)
glucose (pre diabetes or diabetes)
hypertension
what are the numbers we need to know from this topic: kcal needs, protein needs, diaper count, weight gain, lactation needs
kcal needs: 1st:0, 2nd:340, 3rd:450
protein needs: 0.8g/kg + 25g
diaper count: 6-8 for healthy breastfed baby
weight gain: 28-40, 25-35, 15-25, 11-20
500 (330 from diet)
explain WIC in relation to child nutrition and DSHEA in relation to senior nutrition
WIC: women, infants, children; provides access to nutritional foods and education
DSHEA: involved with dietary supplements are VERY different from prescriptions (more common among older populations)
classify these lab values:
total cholesterol: 275mg/dl
HDL: 42mg/dl
triglycerides: 280mg/dl
LDL: 166mg/dl
blood glucose: 90mg/dl
total: high (>240)
HDL: above low but not great
Triglycerides: high (150-200)
DLD: high
blood glucose: okay
ratio: HIGH