Lipids
High levels of these blood lipids were consistently associated with poorer hearing thresholds.
triglycerides (or LDLs)
Spankovich (2017) categorizes nutrition as this type of determinant of hearing loss.
Modifiable
This method of eating, focused on reduced energy intake without malnutrition, was explored as protective for hearing.
caloric restriction
This environmental hazard is one of the strongest non-dietary factors influencing hearing loss risk.
Noise exposure
These "good" lipoproteins were linked with better hearing in some studies because of their higher protein content.
What are HDLs
Noise exposure, smoking, and physical inactivity fall under this determinant category.
Modifiable/ Extrinsic factor
The USDA-developed index that scores diets from 0–100
Healthy Eating Index (HEI)
Four pillars of Healthy People 2010
physical fitness, nutrition, prevention, and healthy choices
Higher intake of this type of omega fatty acid was associated with reduced 5-year incidence of hearing loss in the Blue Mountains Hearing Study.
long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
Age-related hearing loss is a combination of these
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Higher fruit and vegetable intake is strongly associated with reduced risk for this major chronic disease
Cardiovascular disease
One of the major goals of Healthy People 2020
High quality, longer life, Free from preventable disease and disability,Promote healthy behaviors
Reduced intake of saturated fats, sodium, and processed foods is associated with better outcomes in this
Chronic disease
Socioeconomic status/education falls under this determinant category.
Possibly modifiable
According to the DASH eating plan we should limit these.
Fatty meats, full-fat dairy, sugary drinks, sweets, sodium intake
What were the two lifestyle factors Rosen and colleagues (1962) speculated contributed to the Mabaan tribe’s preserved hearing sensitivity?
Low noise exposure and a healthy diet (low in saturated fat).
A second BMHS analysis by Spankovich et al. (2011) showed higher total fat and cholesterol intake were associated with this
Poorer TEOAEs
Extrinsic factors may include environmental exposures, including this well-known hearing risk.
noise exposure
Japanese dietary patterns were associated with lower risk of this sudden auditory condition compared to Western diets.
sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)
What are two major limitations of single nutrient analysis when studying the relationship between diet and health outcomes?
People don’t eat isolated nutrients
Many nutrients are highly inter-correlated