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•This infiltrative disease shows apical sparing on GLS despite preserved EF.
•ATTR amyloidosis
•Persistent dyspnea post-TAVR with normal gradients may reflect this.
•Prosthesis–patient mismatch
•Downsloping ST elevation in V1–V3 with RBBB suggests this syndrome.
•Brugada syndrome
•This arrhythmogenic condition affects the RV and is genetic.
•ARVC
•The echo score ranging from 4-16 evaluates leaflet mobility, thickening, calcification and subvalvular involvement
•What is Wilkins Score
•This capital sits on the Danube and was home to Brahms and Freud.
•Vienna
•This genetic disorder features LV noncompaction and neutropenia.
•Barth syndrome
•Delayed acceleration and low DVI suggest this type of AS.
•Subvalvular AS
•Wide complex tachycardia with capture beats suggests this rhythm.
VT
•A long-standing shunt with cyanosis and clubbing defines this.
•Eisenmenger
•Earliest echo sign of tamponade physiology.
•RA collapse
•This capital lies in the Horn of Africa and hosts the AU headquarters.
•Addis Ababa
•Non-invasive tests that distinguishes AL vs ATTR in amyloid cardiomyopathy.
what are ATTR vs AL by Tc-99m and light chains
•Overestimation of AS severity in small aortas is due to this.
•Pressure recovery
•This long qt syndrome is autosomal recessive and assoicated with deafness
•What is Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
(mutation in KCNQ1 or KCEN1)
•Eosinophilic infiltration and endocardial fibrosis describe this.
•Loeffler
•Tissue Doppler sign favoring constriction over restriction.
•Annulus reversus
•This high-altitude city is Bolivia’s constitutional capital.
•La Paz
•This coronary anomaly is a common cause of sudden death in young athletes.
•Interarterial left coronary
•This valve is most commonly affected in carcinoid syndrome.
•Tricuspid
•This arrhythmia often involves circuits in left atrium including around surgical scars,mitral annulus or pulmonary veins
•What is atypical atrial flutter
•Post-MI syndrome with pericarditis and fever weeks later.
•Dressler
•Hepatic vein pattern in severe tricuspid regurgitation.
•Systolic reversal
•Capital near the Bay of Bengal with repeated cyclone disasters.
•Dhaka
•In Kawasaki disease, this Z-score defines a giant aneurysm.
•Z-score ≥10
A Z score normalized for body surface area represents how much larger (or smaller) a measured coronary artery internal diameter is compared to the average coronary artery diameter for a child of the same size (body surface area includes both height and weight). The average diameter is assigned a Z score of 0. Positive Z scores reflect larger diameters, while negative Z scores reflect smaller diameters. Most individuals (~95%) have coronary artery Z scores between -2 and +2, and are considered to have normal coronary arteries (see figure below). A coronary artery Z score between +2.0 and less than +2.5 (i.e., 2 to less than 2.5 standard deviations above the average normalized for body surface area) is considered dilated. A coronary artery with a Z score between +2.5 and less than +5.0 is considered a small aneurysm. A Z score between +5.0 and less than +10.0 is considered a large aneurysm. A Z score of +10.0 or greater is considered a giant aneurysm.
•Low-flow, low-gradient AS with normal EF defines this paradoxical variant.
•Paradoxical low-flow AS
•This pacemaker issue causes absent atrial activity and pauses.
•Loss of capture
Syndrome with supravalvular aortic stenosis
•What is Williams syndrome
elfin facies, cognitive impariment
•Method to estimate PASP using Doppler.
•TR jet + RVOT VTI
•This trilingual capital is smaller than Washington, D.C.
•Luxembourg
•This is the formula for calculating cardiac output by the Fick principle using oxygen consumption (VO2)
•What is Cardiac output= VO2/ (Ca02- CvO2)
This reentrant arrythmia seen in young patients with no structural heart disease with QRS 120-140 ms RBB pattern, LAD and verapamil sensitive
What is fascicular VT
•On echo, this specific measurement defined as the distance in millimeters between the insertion points of anterior mitral and septal tricuspid leaflets indexes to BSA is used to diagnose Epstein's anomaly.
A value exceeding this threshold is considered diagnostic.
•What is apical displacement of the septal tricuspid leaflet >8mm/m2 BSA
These three beautiful children will likely lead to hours of moonlighting for Andrew in 2025 and 2026
Who are Henry, Charlie and the newest edition Margot