Mathematical
Founders
Founders
This "Father of Geometry" wrote Elements, which was the primary math textbook for 2,000 years.
Euclid
This Greek astronomer proposed the first heliocentric model, placing the sun at the center.
Aristarchus
He is called the "Father of Medicine" and believed diseases had natural, not supernatural, causes.
Hippocrates
He reportedly shouted "Eureka!" after discovering the principle of buoyancy in his bathtub.
Archimedes
These ancient Greek devices used falling water or sand to trigger a sound at a set time.
Alarm Clocks
This mathematician is famous for theorem relating the sides of a right triangle.
Pythagoras
This astronomer wrote the Almagest, a text that defined the geocentric model for centuries.
Ptolemy
This Roman-era physician performed animal dissections to understand anatomy and physiology.
Galen
Archimedes famously claimed he could move the entire Earth if given a long enough one of these.
Lever
This "Screw" was an invention used to raise water from lower to higher ground for irrigation.
Archimedean Screw
This school of thought believed that "all is number" and discovered mathematical musical timing.
Pythagoreans
This Hellenistic scientist used shadows and simple geometry to calculate the Earth's circumfrence.
Eratosthenes
Hippocrates believed health was maintained by balancing these four humors (fluids).
Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, Black Bile
This philosopher argued all matter was made of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
Empedocles
This ancient device, often called the world's "first computer," was used to track solar and lunar cycles.
Antikythera
This mathematician wrote Conics, exploring the properties of ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
Apollonius
He was the first to catalog over 1,000 stars and created a scale for their brightness (magnitude).
Hipparchus
This herbal "encyclopedia" was the standard pharmacological text for 1,500 years.
Dioscorides (De Materia Medica)
This philosopher first proposed Atomic Theory, suggesting matter is made of indivisible particles.
Democritus
This Greek inventor from Alexandria created the first recorded steam engine, the aeolipile.
Hero of Alexandria
This method, used by Archimedes to find the area of a circle, involves inscribed and circumscribed shapes.
Method of Exhaustion
The study if stars was treated as a branch of this subject by most Greek scholars.
Mathematics
This Greek doctor was the first to distinguish between arteries and veins and used a pulse-check.
Herophilus
Aristotle developed this concept to explain why objects fall toward the Earth.
Natural Place
This ancient machine was the first to use a coin-operated system to dispense holy water.
Vending Machine