Nutrition in Pregnancy
How many extra calories per day are recommended in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?
+340 kcal/day in 2nd trimester; +452 kcal/day in 3rd trimester.
What does TORCH stand for?
Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis), Rubella, CMV, Herpes.
What does an MSAFP screen for?
Neural tube defects (↑) & Down syndrome (↓).
What are signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?
Abdominal pain, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, sharp abdominal pain that can radiate to the shoulder.
Name the 5 P’s of labor.
Passenger, Passageway, Powers, Position, Psyche.
Name two foods pregnant patients should avoid due to infection risk.
Unpasteurized cheeses, deli meats, raw fish, undercooked eggs, etc.
What is the major fetal risk of maternal Hepatitis B infection?
Chronic carrier status & liver disease.
Which test is performed first trimester for definitive genetic diagnosis?
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
Placenta previa vs. placental abruption — which one is painful?
A: Abruption = painful bleeding.
Previa = painless bleeding.
Two common pharmacologic pain management options in labor?
Epidural, nitrous oxide, IV opioids.
Why is folic acid supplementation essential before conception and early pregnancy?
Prevents neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly).
How do we prevent GBS transmission to the newborn?
Intrapartum IV penicillin.
What does an NST evaluate?
Fetal heart rate reactivity to movement.
Define preeclampsia.
Hypertension + proteinuria OR signs of end‑organ damage after 20 weeks.
What is preterm labor defined as?
Labor < 37 weeks gestation.
Recommended total pregnancy weight gain for someone with a normal BMI?
25–35 lbs.
Can a woman with active genital HSV lesions deliver vaginally?
No → C‑section indicated.
List the 5 components of the Biophysical Profile (BPP).
Fetal breathing, movement, tone, amniotic fluid, NST.
What are signs and symptoms of gestational trophoblastic disease?
•Elevated serum hCG levels
•Enlarged uterus
•May manifest as pre-eclampsia prior to 24 weeks
•Hyperemesis gravidarum
•Abnormal uterine bleeding
•Nausea/Vomiting
•Hyperthyroidism
The client has a large amount of vaginal bleeding post-delivery. What is the nurse's priority assessment?
Massage/check the fundus
What supplements should women take in pregnancy?
•Take folic acid
•Iron supplements
•Increase calcium
Can women receive live virus immunizations in pregnancy?
NO (MMR or varicella)
Women should refrain from getting pregnant for at least 4 weeks after receiving the vaccine
What prenantal test can also be used for blood transfusions to the fetus?
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS),
What injection is needed for a Rh negative woman having a spontaneous abortion?
Rhogram
What medications are used for postpartum hemorrhage?
â—¦Oxytocin
â—¦Methylergonovine- Do not administer to clients with Hypertension
â—¦Misoprostol
â—¦Carboprost