Mother-Baby Connection
This placental abnormality occurs when the placenta covers the internal os of the cervix.
What is placenta previa?
This "sign" strongly suggests dichorionic twins
What is the Lambda or Twin Peak sign?
This valve is located more apically in the fetal heart.
An extra digit.
This measurement should be taken at the level of the caudothalamic groove and not exceed 10mm
An extension of the placenta that appears as a separate, but attached segment.
What is an accessory or succenturiate lobe?
The chorionicity of a pregnancy with a singleton fetus and identical twins.
Di-chorionic Tri-amniotic (B+C = monochorionic, diamniotic)
In order from right to left, these vessels make up the "3VV."
What are the Superior Vena Cava, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery?
An abnormally bent finger.
These landmarks should be present when taking BPD and HC measurements.
The placenta is not covering the internal os, however is too close for comfort.
What is a low-lying placenta?
This syndrome is caused by an abnormal vascular connection between monochorionic multiples that creates disproportionate amniotic fluid and can cause heart failure, hydrops, and potentially death of one/all fetuses.
What is Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome?
This shunt allows oxygenated blood to bypass the fetal liver to the IVC in utero.
Ductus Venosus.
Absence or hypoplasia of this bone in the 5th digit can be a soft marker for Down Syndrome.
This measurement can be a soft marker for aneuploidy, including Down Syndrome; it should not be measured past 21w6d and should be less than 6mm
Nuchal Fold
This invasive placenta grows into the uterine wall and could potentially invade the maternal bladder. It is more common in patients over 35, history of uterine surgery (i.e. c-section), and/or prior pregnancies.
What is placenta accreta?
This sequence is used to stage Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome.
What is Quintero staging?
Name the three types of septal defects of the heart.
What are ASD (atrial septal defect), VSD (ventricular septal defect), and AVSD (atrio-ventricular septal defect)?
Another name for Talipes Equinovarus.
What is Club/Clubbed Foot?
Fetal long bones (Rad/Uln, Tib/Fib) should be measured if fetal extremities are below this percentile.
What is the 2%ile?
This placenta's membranes are abnormally folded back around its edges.
What is a circumvallate placenta?
The reason MCAs are completed in mo-di twins.
What is to rule out TAPS? (Twin Anemia Polycythemia Syndrome--an imbalance in hemoglobin between monochorionic twins where one twin 'donates' more red blood cells (becoming anemic) to the recipient twin who acquires too many RBCs, becoming polycythemic. This is caused by AV anastomoses at the edge of the placenta between the twins)
This anomaly can involve "atrialization" of the fetal Rt Ventricle.
What is Ebstein's anomaly?
Fetal pyelectasis at 10mm or greater is defined as this.
What is hydronephrosis?