Ectopic
True or False: There is a slower than expected increase in serum hCG levels for a normal gestation when initial values are low.
False; When initial values are HIGH
Prolapse repair can worsen or uncover what?
SUI
A 68-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with abdominal pain and distention for the past 6 weeks. On exam, the physician notices positive fluid thrill suggesting moderate ascites and a large, protruding abdomen. US confirms a large right adnexal mass. The patient eventually undergoes surgery and she is subsequently diagnosed with stage IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer. What is the Most common pattern of spread of ovarian cancer.
A Direct extension
B Transcoelomic
C Hematogenous spread
D Hematopoietic
E Lymphatic
B Transcoelomic- primary method of spread for ovarian cancer.
What is the MOA of Methotrexate?
Methotrexate is a folate antagonist that binds to the catalytic site of dihydrofolate reductase, which interrupts the synthesis of purine nucleotides and the amino acids serine and methionine, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and repair and cell replication.
Bulking agents work _______% of the time.
50-60%
In which of the following clinical scenarios is treatment (such as a with a diagnostic excisional procedure) considered mandatory and observation unacceptable?
What is the failure rate for methotrexate when HCG levels are above 5,000 mIU/mL
14.3% or higher (+ or - 2.0)
Describe a good candidate for bulking agents.
poor surgical candidate or patients wanting to avoid surgical complications
A resident would like to review obstetric outcome at the hospital and look at preventable causes of morbidity and mortality for a resident research project. What is the STANDARD method of expressing the perinatal death rate?
Per 1,000 live births and still births
The uniform use of standard definitions is encouraged by the world health organization. Perinatal mortality is reported per 1,000 live births and stillbirths.
The risk of heterotopic pregnancy among women with a naturally achieved pregnancy is estimated to range from_______; whereas the risk among women who have undergone in vitro fertilization is estimated to be as high as________.
1 in 4000 to 1 in 30,000; 1 in 100
What is the best treatment for a patient with SUI and a fixed urethra?
Retropubic sling
Cells biopsied from which of the following types of lesions have been found to contain 5 alpha-reductase?
Endometriosis
Based on the timing of methotrexate’s clearance from the body, some experts continue to recommend that women delay pregnancy for at least________ after the last dose of methotrexate
3 months.
Describe the type of patient an autologous facial sling can/should be considered.
poor healing, diverticulum, previous radiation, mesh erosion, (these are good candidates for autologous facial sling)
The patient is a 32-year-old G1 woman with an intrauterine pregnancy at 20 weeks’ gestation. She presents for a fetal anatomy ultrasound. Her medical history is significant for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Her surgical history is significant for a laparoscopic appendectomy. Her family history is unremarkable, and she is without complaint. Which of the following findings on US would prompt the physician to consider further evaluation for congenital cytomegalovirus?
Echogenic bowel