Labor
The first-line and second-line maneuvers for shoulder dystocia
What is the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure
→ These reposition the maternal pelvis and dislodge the impacted shoulder.
Antihypertensive medications that are safe in pregnancy
What are Nifedipine, Labetalol, hydralazine, methyldopa
The first-line antibiotics for chorioamnionitis
What are Ampicillin and gentamicin
covering GBS, ecoli.
Add clindamycin or metronidazole to cover for anaerobes in C-sections
This is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage
What is uterine atony
→ Managed with oxytocin and massage.
These tests confirms PPROM
What is the Nitrazine, ferning test and pooling on speculum exam.
Define arrest of active labor.
What is no progression in cervical dilation in patients who are at least 6-cm dilated with rupture of membranes despite 4 hours of adequate uterine activity or 6 hours of inadequate uterine activity with oxytocin augmentation.
The blood pressure threshold for severe preeclampsia
≥160 systolic or ≥ 110 mmHg diastolic
→ ......2 occasions, 4 hours apart or requiring antihypertensive medication
A cause of fever and foul-smelling lochia postpartum?
What is endometritis
→ Common after cesarean. Treat with clindamycin + gentamicin. Polymicrobe: Staph, GBS, Gardnerella Vaginalis, Gram Negative, Enterococcus,Anaerobes
This causes painless third-trimester bleeding
What is placenta previa
→ Diagnose with ultrasound.
This is the best imaging test for placenta previa
What is transvaginal ultrasound
The station where operative vaginal delivery contraindicated
What is any station above +2
The main treatment for HELLP syndrome
What is deliver the baby
→ and add Magnesium Sulfate for Seizure prophylaxis
This mechanism through which this infection causes a blueberry muffin rash
What is extramedullary hematopoiesis in Congenital CMV
→ Diagnose with saliva or urine PCR, also associated with hearing loss
This twin complication presents with discordant fluid levels
What is twin-twin transfusion syndrome
→ Occurs in monochorionic twins.
This is how fetal anemia diagnosed in Rh disease
What is the middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler
→ Measures increased velocity.
The condition causes sudden fetal bradycardia, abdominal pain, and cessation of contractions in labor
What is uterine rupture
Magnesium sulfate should be avoided in patients with this condition and why
What is Myasthenia Gravis, Mag sulfate can exacerbate symptoms.
This TORCH infection causes hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications
What is Toxoplasmosis
→ From undercooked meat or cat feces.
This fetal risk is increased in gestational diabetes
What is macrosomia
→ Raises shoulder dystocia risk.
At what gestational age is gestational diabetes screening performed and how.
What is 24–28 weeks
→ Start with 1-hour GTT.
The upper limit of latent phase in a nulliparous woman
What is 20 hours
The 95th percentile of latent phase duration was 20 hours in nulliparous patients and 14 hours in multiparous patients
These conditions can mimic Preeclampsia
What are HELLP syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), acute exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
This prenatal infection causes limb hypoplasia
Congenital varicella syndrome
→ Occurs from maternal VZV infection before 20 weeks.
Risk for patients with spinal cord injury.
What is autonomic dysreflexia
This ultrasound pattern suggests molar pregnancy
What is snowstorm or honeycomb appearance
→ Caused by hydropic villi.