Physiological Changes
Presence of split S1, systolic ejection murmur, left displacement of PMI
What are some changes in the cardiac exam of the pregnant patient/
Respiratory acidosis can occur in a ventilated pregnant patient at term due to this
What is the reduced buffering capacity of the kidneys?
The curve in the back that is accentuated with pregnancy
What is lumbar lordosis?
This is when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Medical malpractice, breach of contractual promise that injury would not occur, and lack of informed consent.
What are the three theories of liability patients may use when suing health care providers
It is thought to be responsible for the decreased in lowr3 esophageal sphincter tone
What is progesterone?
One that occurs during the first 6 weeks after delivery
What is a postpartum headache?
We are vulnerable to pressure because we cross the pelvic brim
What are the lumbosacral trunk and obturator nerves?
There are no changes in these parameters during pregnancy
What are FEV1, FEV1/FVC, closing capacity, and vital capacity
This curve is worsened by pregnancy
What is lumbar lordosis?
it is important for the spinal needle to be longer than the epidural needle when using this technique
What is CSE or combined spinal epidural technique?
Procedures used for spontaneous or induced abortion
What is a dilation and evacuation or D & E?
Duty, breach, injury, proximate cause
What are the 4 elements required to prove medical malpractice?
Chemical injury to the trachebronchial tree and the alveoli.
What is aspiration pneumonitis?
Using it causes an increased risk for postural puncture headache
What is a Quincke needle?
It causes numbness, tingling, burning, etc., of the anterolateral thigh
What is neuralgia paresthestica?
This is due to a disproportinate increase in plasma volume and red blood cells.
What is the physiologic anemia of pregnancy?
it is important that the spinal needle be longer than an epidural needle for this
What is combined spinal-epidural technique or CSE?
2-Chloroprocaine
What is the local of choice for rapid extension of an epidural for emergency C-section?
Fetal demise has occurred but no uterine contents have been expelled
What is a missed abortion?
It means the thing speaks for itself.
What is res ipsa loquitur?
Oral non particulate antacid, H2-receptor antagonists, and metoclopromide
What are the drugs given for aspiration prophylaxis?
it occurs when low CSF pressure causes a loss of cushioning for the brain
What is a postural puncture headache?
This reaches L2 in 43% of women
What is the conus medularris?
Nausea and vomiting that occurs throughout pregnancy
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
this is the drug of choice for rapid extension of an epidural for an emergency C-section
What is 2-Chloroprocaine?
0.625-0.125%
What is the concentration of bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia?
Procedure done for a cervix that is not capable of sustaining a full-term pregnancy
What is a cervical cerclage?
Most common injury in obstetric anesthesia claims
What is maternal nerve injury?
Inability within 3 attempts of insertion to produce expired tidal volume of more than 7 mL/kg
What is difficult laryngeal mask ventilation?
Optimal volume for this is 20 mL of autologous blood
What is an Epidural blood patch?
An epidural catheter causing compression here can result in anterior spinal artery syndrome
What is the artery of Adamkiewicz>
Pregnancy affects the body's ability to reabsorb glucose here
What is the proximal tubule of the kidney?
This should be used for treatment of cardiovascular collapse and seizure after intravascular injection local anesthetic
What is intralipids?
it is used to reverse the cardiovascular collapse and seizures associated with intravascular injection of a local anesthetic.
What is intralipids?
The chorionic villi around the fetus does not develop properly after fertilized egg implants into the uterus
What is hydatidiform mole?
This can result in seeking judicial authorization of treatment
What is a maternal-fetal conflict?
Preoxygenation is best achieved with this.
What is oxygen flow rate rates for more than 10 L/minute for 3 minutes
Coagulopathy, local cutaneous or untreated systemic infection, and increased intracranial pressure
What are contraindications fo an epidural blood patch?
The result of trauma or chemical injury below the spinal cord
What is caudal equina syndrome?