Vocab
Key Concepts
Test Questions
Chapter Questions
100
energy
the ability to make things move or change
100
Energy from the _____ is transferred to Earth’s _______. Some of that energy is then transferred to the _______ above the surface.
Energy from the sun is transferred to Earth’s surface. Some of that energy is then transferred to the air above the surface.
100
Chengdu is closer to the equator than Harbin. Which location has a colder air temperature and why?
A. Harbin, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the surface, and then from the surface to the air.
B. Harbin, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the air.
C. Chengdu, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the surface, and then from the surface to the air.
D. Chengdu, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the air.
100
What determines the air temperature of a location on Earth?
Latitude
Ocean Currents
200
climate
general weather patterns over a long period of time
200
The closer a location is to the ______, the more energy it receives from the ______. Therefore, a location’s air temperature is affected by its distance from the equator.
The closer a location is to the equator, the more energy it receives from the sun. Therefore, a location’s air temperature is affected by its distance from the equator.
200
How does the air temperature of Alesund compare to the air temperature of Khatyrka? Why?
The air at Alesund is
A. warmer than Khatyrka. At Alesund, a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Khatyrka, only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.
B. warmer than Khatyrka. At Alesund, energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Khatyrka, energy is transferred from the air to the ocean.
200
True or False
The sun warms up the air directly.
False. The sun heats the earth's surface then heats up the air.
300
temperature
a measure of how hot or cold something is
300
An _______ may have more than one _______; these may be linked into a chain of causes and effects.
An effect may have more than one cause; these may be linked into a chain of causes and effects.
300
Hopetown is farther from the equator than Kamina. Which location has a colder air temperature and why?
A. Hopetown, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the air.
B. Kamina, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the air
C. Hopetown, because less energy is transferred from the sun directly to the surface, and then from the surface to the air.
300
What claim can we eliminate using this graph?
Claim 1: The amount of incoming energy from the sun changes.
Claim 2: Something about the surface changes.
Claim 3: Something about the air changes.
400
transfer
to move from one object to another or one place to another
400
When an ocean current comes from the ________, it brings ________ water to the places it passes.
When an ocean current comes from a _______, it brings_______ water to the places it passes.
When an ocean current comes from the equator, it brings warmer-than-expected water to the places it passes.
When an ocean current comes from a pole, it brings colder-than-expected water to the places it passes.
400
How does the air temperature of Rolling Rock compare to the air temperature of Seaside? Why?
The air at Rolling Rock is
A. colder than Seaside. At Rolling Rock, energy is transferred from the air to the ocean. At Seaside, energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.
B. colder than Seaside. At Rolling Rock, only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Seaside, a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.
400
Other than latitude, what else affects the air temperature of Christchurch?
ocean currents
500
latitude
the distance of a place north or south of Earth's equator
500
__________ and the position of __________ determine the direction of ocean currents.
Prevailing winds and the position of continents determine the direction of ocean currents.
500
Mowe Bay and Townsville are the same distance from the equator, and they are both near the ocean. Using the information in the map, how does the air temperature of Mowe Bay compare to the air temperature of Townsville? Why?
The air at Mowe Bay is
A. colder than Townsville. Moving air with only a little energy turns and follows the coast toward Mowe Bay. Moving air with a lot of energy turns and follows the coast toward Townsville
B. colder than Townsville. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Energy is transferred from the air to the ocean at Mowe Bay and energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Townsville.
C. colder than Townsville. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Mowe Bay; more energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Townsville.
500
What is causing these two locations to be different temperatures?
The ocean currents are causing the locations to be 2 different temperatures. Ocean Current A is starting near the equator. Ocean Current B is starting near the south pole
600
ocean current
ocean water flowing in a continuous path
600
Changes to __________ affect ______________. Changes to ocean currents affect how much ________ is brought to or taken away from a location.
Changes to prevailing winds affect ocean currents.
600
A warmer than Chañaral. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. A lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Penha. Only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Chañaral.
B. warmer than Chañaral. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Penha and energy is transferred from the air to the ocean at Chañaral.
c. warmer than Chañaral. Moving air with a lot of energy turns and follows the coast toward Penha. Moving air with only a little energy turns and follows the coast toward Chañaral.
600
What determines how the ocean currents near Christchurch move?
Prevailing winds & Continents
700
cause
an event or process that leads to a result or change
700
Demi is studying the amount of snowfall at the South Pole. She wants to describe it using cause and effect. How could she do that?
a. She can't. It is impossible to determine which factors cause a particular amount of snow to fall and which factors are the effects.
B. She can't. Some things, like the amount of snowfall, do not have a cause; they just happen
c. She can describe the one cause for amount of snowfall—each effect has one cause.
d. She can describe more than one cause. There can be more than one cause for the effect—amount of snowfall.
700
What 2 things determines a locations air temperature?
Latitude and Ocean Currents
800
effect
a result or change that happens because of an event or process
800
Monterey and Virginia Beach are the same distance from the equator and they are both near the ocean. Use the information on the map to answer these questions: How does the air temperature of Monterey compare to the air temperature of Virginia Beach? Why?
The air at Monterey is
A. colder than Virginia Beach. At Monterey, energy is transferred from the air to the ocean. At Virginia Beach, energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.
B. colder than Virginia Beach. At Monterey, only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Virginia Beach, a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.
900
prevailing winds
winds that move in one direction and are strong enough to push ocean currents
900
Sar and Dagon are the same distance from the equator, and they are both near the ocean. Using the information in the map, how does the air temperature of Sar compare to the air temperature of Dagon? Why?
The air at Sar is
A. colder than Dagon. Moving air with only a little energy turns and follows the coast toward Sar. Moving air with a lot of energy turns and follows the coast toward Dagon.
B. colder than Dagon. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Energy is transferred from the air to the ocean at Sar and energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Dagon.
C. colder than Dagon. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. A lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Dagon. Only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Sar.