Chemical Oceanography
This molecule makes up about 96.5% of seawater.
What is water/H2O?
These periodic movements of the ocean are mainly caused by the Moon’s gravitational pull.
What are tides?
This process creates new seafloor at mid-ocean ridges.
What is seafloor spreading?
organisms that produce their own food
What are autotrophs?
Made the Equilibrium Tide Model
Who is Isaac Newton?
The average pH of modern surface seawater.
What is about 8?
Winds and the Coriolis effect create this large circular surface current system.
What is a gyre?
These underwater mountains form when hot mantle material rises beneath the ocean crust.
What are mid-ocean ridges?
Organisms that live on or in the seafloor are called this.
What is benthic?
The ship that conducted the first global oceanographic expedition (1872–1876).
What is the HMS Challenger?
measure of the total amount of salt dissolved in water
What is salinity?
This phenomenon occurs when deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface.
What is upwelling?
This term describes sediments that originate from volcanic eruptions and settle into the ocean as ash or glass shards.
What are volcanogenic sediments?
This zone, usually down to ~200 m, is where enough sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis.
What is the photic zone?
Known for the phrase “Give me a half tanker of iron, and I will give you an ice age,” this scientist proposed that iron limitation controls productivity in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions.
Who is John Martin?
A subsurface layer in the ocean where dissolved oxygen levels are significantly lower than in the water above and below
What is oxygen minimum layer
This boundary layer between warm and cold water prevents mixing in the ocean.
What is the thermocline?
hese fine-grained pelagic sediments dominate the deepest ocean basins and often accumulate slower than 1 mm per thousand years.
What are deep-sea clays?
These microscopic algae not only photosynthesize but also help regulate carbon by building shells of CaCO₃.
What is a coccolithophore?
Developed the taxonomic classification used in zoology
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
Total amount of an ion in the ocean/ rate at which the ion is added (or removed)
Residence Time
Speed that a hurricane is categorized as hurricanes
What is 74 mph?
These cylindrical samples extracted from the seafloor allow scientists to study layers of sediment deposited over millions of years.
What are marine sediment cores?
These structures on hydrothermal vent bacteria allow them to convert chemicals into energy without sunlight.
What is chemosynthesis?
Developed the Azoic Theory
Who is Edward Forbes?