Vocab Definitions
A fully saturated hydrocarbon molecule.
What is an alkane?
The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.
What is the parent chain?
Alkynes have this kind of hybridization.
What is an sp hybridized molecule?
The difference between an acid and its conjugate base.
What is one proton (H+)?
Negatively charged fundamental particles located only in the outermost shell of an atom.
What are valence electrons?
What are isotopes?
The prefix used for a 7-carbon long straight chain.
What is the prefix hept-?
PI bonds are located in this type of orbital.
What are pure p orbitals?
The oldest definition for acids and bases determined by the ions produced when dissolving substances in water.
What is the Arrhenius definition?
The type of bond that is formed between a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.
What is a nonpolar (pure) covalent bond?
When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in constant concentrations of products and reactants.
What is a chemical reaction in equilibrium?
The prefix used when two substituents are on opposite sides of the plane.
What is the prefix trans?
sp2 hybridized orbitals have this percentage of s character.
What type of hybridization has 33% s character?
According to Lewis, the electron pair acceptor.
What is an acid?
The condensed electron configuration for this element is [Ne] 3s² 3p³
What is phosphorus?
Molecules that have the same molecular
formula but different structures.
What are constitutional (structural) isomers?
The name of this branched alkyl group **see image/drawing**
secbutyl
This principle tells us to fill the lowest energy orbitals with electrons first.
What is the aufbau principle?
They have a very small pKa value.
What is a strong acid?
This quantum number determines the values of the magnetic quantum number.
What is the angular quantum number (l)?
A specific type of staggered conformation with the lowest energy because of minimized steric hinderance.
What is the Anti conformation?
The beginning letter of a three-carbon branched alkyl group that IS considered when putting things in alphabetical order.
What is the I in isopropyl?
This quantum number is determined by the period (or row) the element is located in.
The principal quantum number (n).
The value of this constant is greater than 1 when the forward reaction is favored.
What is the equilibrium constant (Keq)?
An electron-rich species.
What is a nucleophile?