Module 2
Name 6 BCRSP Code of Ethics professional responsibilities.
1. Competence - Maintain competence in carrying out responsibilities and provide services in an honest and diligent manner
2. Integrity - Maintain honesty, integrity, and objectivity.
3. Ongoing professional development - continue development throughout their career.
4. Respect - Support, promote and apply the principles of human rights, equity, dignity and respect in the workplace
5. Requirements - Keep appraised of all relevant laws, regulations and recognized standards.
6. Confidentiality - Protect the confidentiality of all acquired information and disclose such information only when properly authorized to or when legally obligated to do so.
Specialized in safety management and conducted extensive research into organizational behavior. He believed that:
- Every accident is the result of a system failure
- Perception surveys assess the current state of an organizations safety culture.
- The goal should be to develop a safety culture where safety is a shared key value within the organization.
Define and explain 'Classic due diligence" and how it applies to OH&S law
"Classic due diligence" is applied to health and safety law as a defense against prosecution. The accused must introduce evidence that clearly shows that all reasonable steps were taken to avoid the event.
Define culture as per Krause
Culture is something shared among people. The safety culture of an organization is the artifacts, values, and assumptions that people hold in common. in strong culture there is widespread agreement on these things and commitment to them is intense.
What contributions did Douglas McGregor make to Motivation, Behavior, and Safety?
Suggested there are two types of managers: Theory X managers and Theory Y managers.
Theory X managers believe employees must be coerced, controlled, directed and threatened with punishment before they will expend effort to meet organizational needs.
Theory Y managers believe most employees work their best when given autonomy and an environment that is conducive to responsibility, growth and recognition.
Differing levels of responsibility in a workplace for employers, supervisors, workers, and OH&S practitioners in a workplace in relation to OH&S?
Employers have OH&S responsibility through their authority for management conduct and working conditions.
Supervisors have administrative responsibility carrying out directives of management and ensuring management programs are implemented in practice.
Workers have an immediate responsibility for their own health and safety and the heath and safety of other workers.
OH&S practitioners are responsible for leading the OH&S program.
Explain the loss causation model.
It attributes most incidents to three possible management deficiencies, what are they?
The loss causation model is one of the more well known modifications to Heinrichs Domino Theory.
Lack of Control > Basic Cause > Substandard Conditions.
Lack of management control at the:
Systems Level
Standards Level and;
Compliance Level
What are the two branches of due diligence?
Classic due diligence - the accused took all reasonable steps to avoid the particular event.
Mistaken fact - the accused reasonably believed in a set of facts, which if true, would render the act or omission innocent.
Describe the management acronym ISMEC
Identification - of work to be performed.
Standards - for work at all levels.
Measurement - of performance of standards.
Evaluation - of performance levels compared to standards.
Commend or correct - based on level of compliance to standards.
What are three major defenses used by employers in injury lawsuits?
Assumption of risk: The employer was not liable because the employee took the job with full knowledge of hazards and risks involved.
Fellow servant rule: The employer was not liable for an injury caused to a employee that resulted from negligence of another employee
Contributory negligence: The employer was not liable for an injury caused to an employee that resulted from their own negligence.
What responsibilities would be expected of an enforcement or regulatory officer in a body like Worksafe BC or Human Resources and Skills Development Canada?
What are the key components of the Domino Theory?
Heinrich suggested that all accidents were the result of a chain of 5 factors:
1. Ancestral and social environment
2. Fault of person
3. Unsafe acts/mechanical/physical hazards
4. Accident itself
5. Resulting injury
Explain prescriptive vs. performance based requirements.
Prescriptive requirement - Describes what and how something must be done.
Performance based requirement - sets a goal without specifying how it must be achieved.
Define insured and uninsured costs
Insured costs - Direct and paid by one or more insurance scheme such as workers compensation coverage or fire insurance.
Uninsured costs - Indirect and associated with an accident that are paid by the firm or injured worker.
Name 3 main reasons for managing safety
Economic
Legal
Moral
Explain the difference between proactivity and reactivity
Proactivity cares about safety, makes plans in advance to achieve safety, and seeks innovative strategies, beyond inflexible rules to achieve safety.
Reactivity only cares about safety after something goes wrong.
Heinrich attributed the cause of most accidents to what?
Unsafe acts. People cause more accidents than unsafe conditions.
What are standards and codes and how are they used in OH&S?
Standard: a document specifying nationally or internationally agreed properties for manufactured goods, etc.
Codes: a set of rules on any subject.
Standards and codes provide specialized or detailed information that become law when included or referred to in health and safety legislation.
Define hazard analysis according to Montgomery
An orderly, analytical technique that examines a system for the most probably hazards, with the most severe consequences for the purpose of establishing corrective or control mechanisms.
Right to know
Right to refuse
Right to participate
1. Fire protection
2. Training
3. Inspections/Audits
4. Accident/Incident Investigations
5. Record Keeping
6. Hazard Recognition
7. Security
8. Ergonomics
What contributions did Frederick Herzberg make to Motivation, behavior, and safety?
He identified that true motivation must come from within. The factors that drive internal motivation include:
- Opportunity for achievement
- Recognition
- A challenging work situation
- Increased responsibility
- Opportunity for personal growth
Explain sector specific requirements vs. activity specific requirements
Sector specific: designed for application to a sector of the economy or workforce.
Activity specific: applies to all workplaces within the jurisdiction that engage in that activity.
Describe Haddon's model for accident causation.
Utilizes a matrix that describes accidents in three stages:
Pre-incident
Incident; and
Post-incident.
these stages are analyzed in three stages; human, machine, and environment to determine the causes of accidents.