Stretch reflex
The stretch reflex is the "desire" of a muscle to.....
maintain its own length
nonspeech activities of the tongue
protrusion - touch your nose, touch your chin, tongue strength
strength, speech, range, steadiness, tone, accuracy
How do you elicit the sucking reflex?
pursing or pouting of the lip is elicited by stroking the upper lip with the tongue blade
During an OME how could you detect prosodic abnormalities?
Conversational speech
what muscle fibers do the gamma motor neurons innervate?
intrafusal muscle fibers
When should the ability to imitate or follow commands for nonspeech movements be examined?
when apraxia of speech is suspected (particularly for dominant hemisphere lesions)
what are examples of confirmatory signs when distinguishing MSDs?
atrophy, difficulty initiating movement, poorly inhibited laughter or crying, fasciculations (flicker of movement under the skin), reduced/abnormal reflexes
how do you elicit the rooting reflex?
bring object towards the mouth or turn mouth toward stimulus to corner of mouth or cheek
infant will turn toward the side that was stroked and begin to make sucking motions
During an OME what could you give to detect reduced rate of motion and abnormalities in rate?
Speech AMRs (diadochokinesis)
what are the two responsibilities of the gamma loop?
-preset posture
-resist stretch
nonspeech task for the face
elicit a spontaneous emotional smile and compare the extent of the facial movement during it to that of a voluntary smile or lip retraction
what might a respiratory evaluation include?
is posture normal? is breathing labored? is rate normal?
water manometer: with a glass of water and a straw, the patient should be able to blow bubbles in the water for at least 5 SECONDS
what is the snout reflex?
elicited by a light tap of finger on philtrum or tip of nose; puckering or protrusion and elevation of the lower lip and depression of the lateral angles of the mouth
what could you do during an OME to detect abnormalities in loudness and quality?
vowel prolongation
explain the stretch reflex
1.if a muscle is stretched by movement, so is the spindle
the stretch of the spindle is detected by the 2. sensory ending (annulospinal ending) and a signal transmitted to the spinal cord or brainstem where the 3.ALPHA motorneuron is led to fire
4.this stimulates extrafusal muscle fibers to contract.
nonspeech task for the velopharynx
have client puff cheeks and protrude the tongue simultaneously
rigidity or respiratory weakness
What is the palmomental reflex?
elicited by vigorously stroking object such as tongue blade across the palm of the hand; the reflex is a slight variation of muscles in the ipsilateral chin
The primary phonatory-respiratory speech findings in hypokinetic dysarthria are:
reduced loudness, reduced utterance length
what happens when the gamma motor neuron fires
the contractile parts of the muscle spindles to contract which lengthens the elastic part of the muscle spindle
nonspeech task for the larynx
-cough
-"coup de glotte" (glottal coup) which is a sharp glottal stop or grunting sound
what might you observe in an OME if the person had Parkinson's?
- reduced blink frequency
- unsmiling face/expressionless
- abnormal/reduced breathing movements
- excessive saliva and drooling
- head movement that accompanies eye gaze may be reduced
- tremor of jaw, lips, and/or tongue
- normal jaw, face, and tongue strength overall
What is the sucking reflex?
Elicited by stroking upper lip with tongue blade, beginning at lateral aspect & moving medially. Done on both sides. The response is a pursing or pouting of the lips.
The primary prosodic speech findings in hypokinetic dysarthria are:
reduced stress, monopitch, monoloudness, innappropriate silences, short rushes of speech, variable rate, increased rate in segments, increased overall rate