Properties of Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
The molecules on the left of a chemical equation are called ____.
The molecules on the right of a chemical equation are called ____.
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What direction does heat always transfer?
Hot to Cold
What is the name for energy that is stored and depends on an object's position?
Potential energy
The electrical energy in a toaster converts into which 3 types of energy when it is used?
Thermal energy, sound energy, mechanical KE
Melting, shredding, and chopping are all examples of what kind of change?
Physical change
In _____ reactions, the reactants absorb energy (feel cooler).
In _____ reactions, the reactants release energy (feel warmer)
endothermic; exothermic
These materials readily transfer thermal energy and are often used for cooking.
Conductors
What is kinetic energy?
Energy of motion
As a pendulum swings, how do the PE and KE change?
PE is greatest at the ends (highest points), KE is greatest in the middle (lowest point). As one increases, the other decreases.
Burning, rotting, rusting, and digestion are all examples of what type of change?
Chemical change
How many of each type of atom are in these formulas?
6CO2 + 6H2O
Total: 6 carbon, 18 oxygen, 12 hydrogen
Breakdown: (6 carbon and 12 oxygen) + (12 hydrogen and 6 oxygen)
These materials minimize the rate of thermal energy transfer and were used in our penguin shelter builds.
Insulators
What are two factors affect kinetic energy?
Mass and velocity/speed
How does energy transfer during photosynthesis? (2 steps)
Radiant energy from the Sun is transferred into chemical energy.
What always happens when a chemical change occurs?
A new substance forms
The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, so where do the atoms come from that make up the products in a chemical reaction?
They are rearranged from the reactants. No new atoms are added and no atoms are removed.
What happens to the speed and distance between particles as a substance is heated?
They both increase
What are 2 ways you can increase the potential energy of an object?
Add more mass or raise the object higher (add more height)
What energy transformations occur when using a flashlight? (3 steps)
Chemical energy to electrical energy to radiant and thermal energy
If an object is LESS dense than water, will it sink or float?
Float
Where does the process of cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria of the cell
If a cup of hot coffee is left out overnight, what temperature will it be in the morning? Why?
The same temperature as the room. Heat will transfer out until thermal equilibrium is reached.
At what point does a roller coaster have the greatest kinetic energy? What about the greatest potential energy?
Kinetic: at the bottom of the first hill (the lowest point when it is moving the fastest)
Potential: at the top of the first (before it starts moving)
What are the energy transformations needed to harness the wind to charge a battery and power something? (4 steps)
Mechanical KE (of the wind) to mechanical KE (of the blades moving) to Chemical energy (of the battery) to Electrical energy (to power something)