DIC
DIC is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of what two opposing processes in the blood?
Clotting and bleeding
TLS occurs when what happens to cancer cells?
Rapid destruction or lysis of cancer cells releases intracellular contents into the bloodstream.
SIADH is caused by excessive secretion of which hormone?
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What is the definition of neutropenia based on absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?
ANC < 1,500 cells/μL; severe neutropenia is < 500 cells/μL.
What onc. emergency involves a dangerously high level of calcium in the blood, often due to bone metastases or parathyroid hormone-related protein secretion by tumors?
Hypercalcemia
What are common s/s of DIC?
Pallor, petechia, tachycardia, tarry stools, joint pain, stiffness, headache and hemoptysis.
What are common S/S of TLS?
Nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, or weakness.
What are common S/S SiADH?
Nausea, vomiting, confusion, headaches, seizures, muscle cramps, and lethargy
What are common S/S of febrile neutropenia besides fever?
Fatigue, chills, or malaise
What life-onc emergency occurs when a tumor compresses the superior vena cava, leading to swelling of the face, neck, and upper extremities?
SVC Syndrome
What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose DIC?
D-dimer test and coagulation panel (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen levels)
Hyperkalemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypocalcemia, and Hyperuricemia
What type of cancer commonly associated with SIADH?
Small Cell Lung Cancer
What is the first step in managing febrile neutropenia?
Initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics
What onc emergency is often caused by metastatic cancer, results in severe back pain, neurological deficits, and potential paralysis if not treated promptly?
Spinal Cord Compression
What are the typical lab trends seen in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
decrease PLT, prolonged PT/INR, elevated D-dimer, decreased Fibrinogen level
What is the first step in managing TLS?
Aggressive hydration to prevent kidney damage.
What electrolyte imbalance is the hallmark of SIADH?
Hyponatremia
What is the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in febrile neutropenia?
It stimulates neutrophil production and reduces the duration of neutropenia.
What onc emergency is caused by excessive fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, often due to malignancy, leading to decreased cardiac output and potential shock.
Cardiac Tamponade
What type of blood product is often given to patients with DIC to replace clotting factors?
Fresh frozen plasma
What medication is used to lower uric acid levels in TLS?
Allopurinol or Rasburicase.
What is the first step in managing SIADH?
Fluid restriction
What is the most severe complication of untreated febrile neutropenia?
Sepsis or septic shock
What onc emergency occurs when pressure inside the skull rises, leading to symptoms like headache, vomiting, and altered mental status?
Increased ICP