Which Ways? Airways!
Usefully with a semi-conscious or alert patient
Nasopharyngeal Airway
LAST, Block Failure, Nerve injury, infection and Hematomas.
Block complications.
The heart's pacemaker
SA (Sinoatrial) node
Rales (crackles)
LAST meaning
Local Anesthesia Systemic Toxicity
Spams causing partial closure or complete closure of the vocal cords.
Laryngeal spasms
The first 15 minutes after a block the patient should have this monitoring with the nurse.
Caused by Depolarization
Contraction
The amount of oxygen needed when using a simple mask
6-10 Liters
Metallic taste, auditory changes, agitation, difficulty with speech, seizures
CNS symptoms.
Turn the oxygen up to 15L with this oxygen device
BVM- Bag Valve Mask
First step when seeing an arrythmia on a monitor
Checking the patient.
Common cause for stridor after surgery
Obstruction.
Medication to treat LAST
Lipid infusion
Used with prone patients
ET tube
Block to cover shoulder surgery
Interscalene block.
This procedure decreases preload and reduces cardiac output.
Regional Anesthetics (spinals)
Constriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchi
Bronchospasm
Most common cause of LAST
Accidental injection into the intravascular space.
Sits above the vocal cords.
Laryngeal Mask Airways.
The channels that are blocked at the nerve conduction level
Sodium channels
Inhaled anesthesia makes the heart more sensitive to the effects of these
Catecholamines
High risk for patients with GERD
Aspiration
What is the initial dose for a patient that is 70 Kg?
Bolus 100ml over 2-3 minutes.