Stimuli such as food, water, and shelter that are necessary for survival
What is primary reinforces?
100
The process of producing or altering some of the variables that serve as stimuli for future responses.
What is chaining?
100
Involves presenting a stimulus, or adding something to a situation, following a response, which increases the future likelihood of that response occurring in that situation.
What is positive reinforcement?
100
How Skinners referred to his means of examining behavior.
What is functional analysis?
100
Once a certain response occurs regularly to a given stimulus, the response may also occur to other stimuli.
What is generalization?
200
Says that the opportunity to engage in a more valued activity reinforces engaging in a less valued activity, where "value" is defined in terms of the amount of responding or time spent on the activity in the absence of reinforcement.
What is the Premack Principle?
200
The basic operant conditioning method of behavioral change.
What is shaping?
200
Decreases the future likelihood of responding to a stimulus.
What is punishment?
200
The reassortment of responses in a complex situation.
What is learning?
200
Sets the occasion for a response.
What is discriminative stimulus?
300
The decline of response strength due to nonreinforcement.
What is extinction?
300
Systematic application of behavioral learning principles to facilitate adaptive behaviors.
What is behavior modification?
300
The complementary process to generalization, involves responding differently depending on the stimulus or features of a situation.
What is discrimination?
300
Type of conditioning related to operant behavior.
What is Type R?
300
Involves reinforcing some but not all correct responses.
What is intermittent schedule?
400
Responsible for response strengthening- increasing the rate of responding or making responses more likely to occur.
What is reinforcement?
400
Behavior that involves choosing among alternative courses of action, typically by deferring an immediate reinforcer in favor of a different, and usually greater, future reinforcer.
What is self-regulation?
400
Refers to when reinforcement is applied.
What is schedules of reinforcement?
400
The strengthening of behavior which results from reinforcement.
What is conditioning?
400
Involves removing a stimulus, or taking something away from a situation following a response, which increases the future likelihood of the response occurring in the situation.
What is negative reinforcement?
500
The basic model of operant conditioning.
What is the three-term-contingency?
500
Learners' thoughts function as discriminative and reinforcing stimuli.
What is cognitive behavior modification?
500
Schedule in which the time interval varies from occasion to occasion around some average.
What is variable-interval (VI) schedule?
500
The response made to the eliciting stimulus.
What is respondent behavior?
500
Type of research that shows that students who learn to deal with errors in an adaptive manner subsequently persist longer on difficult tasks than do students who have experienced errorless learning.